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UbuKristu kunye nesayensi

Ngaba ukholo lwamaKristu luye lwaba ngumqobo kwinzululwazi okanye ngaba luye lwayikhuthaza? Funda ubungqina!

Umxholo weli nqaku lukholo lobuKristu kunye nesayensi. Ukholo lobuKristu luye lwayichaphazela njani inzululwazi nokukhula kwayo? Ngaba kuye kwaba ngumqobo ekuphuhliseni inzululwazi okanye ngaba kuye kwayikhuthaza? Ukuba lo mbandela uhlolisiswa kuphela ngamajelo eendaba ehlabathi nemibhalo yezazinzulu ezingakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo, ngokufuthi abonisa imbono edumileyo yokungqubana kokholo nenzululwazi. Kucingelwa ukuba ukukholelwa kuThixo nakwinzululwazi zizinto ezichaseneyo yaye ukholo lwamaKristu luye lwaba ngumqobo ekukhuleni kwenzululwazi. Kule ngcamango, inzululwazi ifanele ukuba yayinamandla eGrisi kwaye iqhubela phambili kwakhona xa, ngexesha loKhanya, yahlukana nenkolo yesityhilelo yaza yaqalisa ukuthembela kwingqiqo kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Ukubaluleka kukaDarwin ngokukodwa kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni kokugqibela kwembono yehlabathi yesayensi.

    Kodwa yintoni inyaniso ngalo mbandela? Undoqo wokholo lwamaKristu akazange abe yinzululwazi kunye nokwenza isayensi, kodwa ukholo kubukho bukaThixo noYesu Kristu, apho wonke umntu unokuxolelwa izono zabo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ukholo lobuKristu aluzange luphembelele isayensi kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukubaluleka kukaYesu kunye nokholo lobuKristu kuye kwaqinisekisa ukuzalwa nenkqubela yenzululwazi. Lo mbono usekelwe kwiingongoma ezininzi, esiza kuhamba ngazo kwezi zilandelayo. Siqala ngolwimi kunye nokufunda.

Ukufunda nokubhala: izichazi-magama, igrama, iialfabhethi. Okokuqala, ukuzalwa kweelwimi zencwadi kunye nokufunda. Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba xa isizwe singenalo ulwimi lwaso loncwadi kwaye nabantu abakwazi ukufunda, ngumqobo ekuphuhliseni inzululwazi, uphando, ukuzalwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi. Emva koko azikho iincwadi, awukwazi ukuzifunda, kwaye ulwazi alusasazeki. Uluntu luhlala lukwimeko emileyo.

   Ngoko ke, ukholo lobuKristu lube nempembelelo njani ekudalweni kweelwimi nobuchule bokufunda nokubhala? Kulapho abaphandi abaninzi banendawo eyimfama. Abazi ukuba phantse zonke iilwimi zoncwadi zadalwa ngamaKristu azinikeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, apha eFinland, uMikael Agricola, umhlaziyi wonqulo waseFinland nonguyise woncwadi, washicilela incwadi yokuqala ye-ABC neTestamente Entsha neenxalenye zezinye iincwadi zeBhayibhile. Abantu bafunda ukulesa kuzo.

    EJamani, uMartti Luther wenza into efanayo. Waguqulela iBhayibhile kwisiJamani esebenzisa esakhe isiyelelane. Kwenziwa iintlelo ezingamakhulu kwinguqulelo yakhe yaye isiyelelane esasetyenziswa nguLuther samiselwa njengolwimi loncwadi phakathi kwamaJamani.

    Kuthekani ngeNgilani? UWilliam Tyndale, owaguqulela iBhayibhile kwisiNgesi, waba nendima ebalulekileyo koko. Inguqulelo kaTyndale yaba nempembelelo ekusekweni kolwimi lwesiNgesi lwale mihla. Ngokusekelwe kwinguqulelo kaTyndale, kamva kwaveliswa inguqulelo kaKing James, eyeyona nguqulelo idumileyo yeBhayibhile yesiNgesi.

   Omnye umzekelo ngoonobumba bezizwe zeSlavic, ezibizwa ngokuba zialfabhethi zikaCyril. Bathiywa ngoSt. Cyril, owayengumvangeli wasemazweni kumaSlavs waza waphawula ukuba babengenazo oonobumba. UCyril wabenzela oonobumba ukuze bafunde iVangeli engoYesu.

   Ngaphambi kokuba isakhono sokufunda sizalwe, kufuneka kubekho ulwimi olubhaliweyo. Ngale ngqiqo, abavangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu baye badlala indima ephambili, kungekuphela nje kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo kumazwe aseNtshona, kodwa naseAfrika naseAsia kamva. Abavangeli basemazweni basenokuba baye benza iminyaka emininzi besenza uphando ngeelwimi. Bayila iigrama zokuqala, izichazi-magama kunye noonobumba.

   Omnye wabo yayingumvangeli wasemazweni waseWesile uFrank Laubach, owaqalisa iphulo lehlabathi lonke lokufunda nokubhala. Waba nefuthe ekuphuhlisweni kweencwadi ze-ABC ngeelwimi ezingama-313. Uye wamiselwa njengompostile wabangafundanga.

    Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibhekisa kwinto enye, ukukhula kweelwimi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba neelwimi ezinjengesiHindi, olona lwimi luphambili eIndiya, isiUrdu sasePakistan, kunye nesiBengali saseBangladesh zinemigaqo yolwimi kunye nesiseko solwimi olusekelwe kubufundisi bobuKristu. Amakhulu ezigidi zabantu athetha aze asebenzise ezi lwimi.

UVishal Mangalwadi: Ndikhulele entliziyweni yolwimi lwesiHindu e-Allahabad, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ukusuka eKashi, apho uTulsidas wabhala iRamcharitmanasin , eyona ngqungquthela yonqulo ibalulekileyo eMntla Indiya. Ndandisoloko ndixelelwa ukuba isiHindi sivela kule ngqungquthela enkulu. Kodwa xa ndayifundayo, ndabhideka, kuba ndandingaqondi nebinzana elinye kuyo. “IsiHindi” sombhali sayahluke ngokupheleleyo kwesam ndaye ndaqalisa ukubuza, ukuba lwaphuma phi na ulwimi lwam lweenkobe – ulwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe saseIndiya.

… Izifundiswa zamaHindu nazo aziluphuhlisanga ulwimi lwesizwe lwaseIndiya, isiHindi. Kungumbulelo kubaguquleli beBhayibhile abafana noJohn Borthwick Gilchrist neengcali zeelwimi zabavangeli basemazweni abafana noMfundisi SHKellogg ukuba ulwimi loncwadi lwesiHindi lwangoku lwavela kulwimi olwalusetyenziswa yimbongi uTulsidas (malunga nowe-1532-1623).

... Abaguquleli beBhayibhile nabavangeli basemazweni banikela ngaphezu kolwimi lwam lweenkobe lwesiHindi. Zonke iilwimi zoncwadi eziphilayo zaseIndiya zingqina umsebenzi wazo. Kwi-2005, uGqr. Babu Verghese, umphandi wase-Mumbai kodwa isithethi somthonyama saseMalayalam, ungenise iphepha le-700 iphepha le-doctoral dissertation kwiYunivesithi yaseNagpur ukuze ihlaziywe. Wabonisa ukuba abaguquleli beBhayibhile baye benza iilwimi zanamhlanje ezingama-73 besebenzisa iziyelelane ezithethwa ngamaIndiya angakwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala. Ezi ziquka iilwimi zesizwe ezisemthethweni zaseIndiya (isiHindi), iPakistan (isiUrdu) neBangladesh (isiBengali). Izifundiswa ezihlanu zaseBramine zafunda dissertation kaVerghes zobugqirha zaze zamwonga ngewonga lokuba nguGqirha wePhilosofi ngo-2008. Kwangaxeshanye, bacebisa ngamxhelo mnye ukuba, emva kokupapashwa, le dissertation yamkelwe njengencwadi enyanzelekileyo kwizifundo zolwimi lwaseIndiya. (1)

Umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni bamaKristu ubusoloko ungowohlobo olubanzi lokunceda abantu, kangangokuba uye wafikelela ekuncedeni abagulayo, abaneziphene, abalambileyo, abangenamakhaya nabacalulwayo. Kumazwe amaninzi aseAfrika, ubufundisi bobuKristu bakhe isiseko senkqubo yesikolo iphela ngokwemfundo esisiseko neyomsebenzi wobugcisa. Ngokufanayo, i-mission ibe negalelo elibalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kwenethiwekhi yokhathalelo lwempilo ... Umphandi owaziwayo waseAfrika, uprofesa weYunivesithi yaseYale uLamin Sanneh uye wabanga ukuba e-Afrika, abavangeli basemazweni baye benza inkonzo enkulu kwiinkcubeko zendawo. ukudala isiseko solwimi olubhaliweyo. (2)

Iiprojekthi zolwazi lokufunda nokubhala noncwadi. Njengoko kuchaziwe, uninzi lweelwimi lufumene igrama kunye nesiseko soncwadi kwimpembelelo yokholo lobuKristu. Abangakholelwa kuTixo kunye namazwe babengengabo abaqalisi bolu phuhliso, kodwa ngabameli bokholo lobuKristu. Ukuphuhliswa kwebutho labantu ngekwakulibaziseka kangangeenkulungwane ngaphandle kokuba nokholo kuThixo nakuYesu.

    Lo mmandla ubandakanya iiprojekthi zokufunda nokubhala eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ngazo, abantu bafunda iBhayibhile nolunye uncwadi baze bafunde izinto ezintsha. Ukuba akukwazi ukufunda, kunzima ukufunda izinto ezintsha abanye ababhale ngazo.

    Xa ukholo lwamaKristu loyisa intsimi ngomsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni, luye lwayiphucula imeko yasentlalweni newonga lezizwe ezininzi. Izinto ezinjalo yimeko yempilo engcono, uqoqosho olungcono, imeko yentlalo ezinzileyo, ukuhla urhwaphilizo kunye nokufa kwabantwana kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufunda nokubhala okungcono. Ukuba ubungekho umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni nokholo lobuKristu, bekuya kubakho ukubandezeleka nobuhlwempu obungakumbi ehlabathini yaye abantu bebengayi kukwazi ukufunda. Phakathi kwabanye, uRobert Woodberry, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas, uye wabona unxibelelwano phakathi komsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni kunye nedemokhrasi, umgangatho ophuculweyo wabantu kunye nokufunda nokubhala:

Isazinzulu: Umsebenzi wobuvangeli waseka idemokhrasi

NgokukaRobert Woodberry, usekela-njingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas, ifuthe lomsebenzi wobuvangeli bamaProtestanti ngeminyaka yoo-1800 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900 ekuphuhliseni idemokhrasi iye yabaluleke kakhulu kunokuba bekucingwa ekuqaleni. Kunokuba babe nendima encinane kuphuhliso lwedemokhrasi, abavangeli basemazweni baba nenxaxheba enkulu kuyo kumazwe amaninzi aseAfrika naseAsia. Iphephancwadi iChristianity Today lisixelela ngalo mbandela.

URobert Woodberry uye wafunda ubudlelwane phakathi komsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni kunye nezinto ezichaphazela idemokhrasi phantse iminyaka eli-15. Ngokutsho kwakhe, apho abavangeli bamaProtestanti baye banempembelelo enkulu. Apho namhlanje imeko yezoqoqosho iphucuke ngakumbi yaye imeko yezempilo iphucuke ngakumbi kunemimandla, apho impembelelo yabavangeli basemazweni ibincinane okanye ingekhoyo. Kwiindawo ezinembali yobufundisi exhaphakileyo, izinga lokufa kwabantwana ngoku lisezantsi, urhwaphilizo luncinci, ukufunda nokubhala kuxhaphake kakhulu kwaye kulula ukungena kwimfundo, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini.

   Ngokutsho kukaRobert Woodberry, yayingamaKristu okuvuselela amaProtestanti awayenempembelelo entle. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abefundisi abaqeshwe ngurhulumente okanye abavangeli bamaKatolika ngaphambi kweminyaka yee-1960 abazange babe nempembelelo efanayo. (3)

Omnye umzekelo omhle wendlela ukholo lobuKristu oluphembelele ngayo ukufunda nokubhala kunye noncwadi kukuba akuzange kube malunga ne-1900 apho uncwadi lwehlabathi lwafumana uncwadi lokomoya kwiintengiso. IBhayibhile neemfundiso zayo bezikwindawo ebalulekileyo kangangeenkulungwane, de kwaba kule nkulungwane idluleyo iye yaphelelwa ukubaluleka kwayo ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona. Ngaba kwenzeka ngamabonandenzile ukuba kwakuloo nkulungwane yama-20, xa ukholo lobuKristu lwalahlwayo, kwaliwa iimfazwe ezinkulu embalini?

    Omnye umzekelo yiNgilani, eyayilelona lizwe lihambele phambili ehlabathini ngenkulungwane ye-18 neye-19. Kodwa yintoni eyayibangela inkqubela entle yaseNgilani? Ngokuqinisekileyo enye inkalo yayiluvuselelo lokomoya apho abantu baphethukela kuThixo. Zininzi izinto ezintle eziye zeza ngenxa yoko, njengokufunda nokubhala, ukupheliswa kobukhoboka, nokuphuculwa kwemeko yamahlwempu nabasebenzi.

   UJohn Wesley, owaziwa njengoyena mshumayeli ubalulekileyo wentlangano yamaWisile nokwathi ngaye kwafika imvuselelo enkulu eNgilani ngenkulungwane ye-18, wayiphembelela kakhulu le nkqubela. Kuye kwathiwa ngomsebenzi wakhe iNgilane yasinda kwinguqu efanayo eyenzeka eFransi. Noko ke, uWesley noogxa bakhe nabo baba negalelo ekubeni uncwadi lufikeleleke kubantu abangamaNgesi. IEncyclopedia Britannica ithi ngoWesley kule nkalo “akakho omnye umntu ngenkulungwane ye-18 owenza into engako ukuze akhuthaze ukufundwa kweencwadi ezilungileyo, waza wazisa iincwadi ezininzi kangangokuba abantu bazifikelela ngexabiso eliphantsi ngolo hlobo”.

    ENgilani, ngenxa yemvuselelo, umsebenzi wesikolo seCawa wawusekwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. Malunga nowe-1830, malunga nekota yabantwana baseNgilani abazizigidi ezisisi-1.25 baya kwisikolo seCawa, apho bafunda ukulesa nokubhala. INgilani yayisiba libutho labantu elifundayo elifundiswa liLizwi likaThixo; urhulumente akazange ayiphembelele.

    Kuthekani ngeUnited States? Esi sicatshulwa silandelayo sibhekisa koku. Yathethwa nguJohn Dewey (1859-1952), owathi ngokwakhe waphembelela ngamandla ukupheliswa kwemfundo eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, wachaza indlela ukholo lobuKristu olunempembelelo entle ngayo, umzekelo, kwimfundo edumileyo kunye nokupheliswa kobukhoboka kwilizwe lakhe:

Aba bantu (amaKristu evangeli) bayintsika yentlalontle, imisebenzi yezopolitiko ejolise kuhlaziyo lwentlalo, i-pacifism kunye nemfundo yoluntu. Baquka kwaye babonakalise ububele kwabo bakwimbandezelo yezoqoqosho kunye nabanye abantu, ngakumbi xa bebonisa umdla omncinci kurhulumente weriphabliki - - Le nxalenye yabemi iphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolwabiwo olulinganayo olulinganayo. amathuba ngokwembono yabo yokulingana. Yalandela ekhondweni likaLincoln ekuphelisweni kobukhoboka kwaye yavumelana neengcamango zikaRoosevelt xa wayegxeka "amabi" amaqumrhu kunye nokuqokelela ubutyebi ezandleni zabambalwa. (4)

IiYunivesithi. Ngaphambili, kwachazwa indlela ukholo lobuKristu oluye lwaba nefuthe ngayo ekudalweni kweelwimi ezibhaliweyo kunye nokufunda nokubhala kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo nakwixesha langoku. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe aseAfrika, isiseko senkqubo yesikolo ngokwemfundo esisiseko neyomsebenzi wobugcisa siye sazalwa ngokuyintloko ngenxa yempembelelo yobufundisi bobuKristu, njengoko kuye kwanjalo nokhathalelo lwempilo. Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yokholo lobuKristu, uphuhliso loluntu lwalunokulibaziseka kangangeenkulungwane.

   Enye indawo ziiyunivesithi kunye nezikolo. Kunye nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, zibalulekile kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi, uphando, ukuzalwa kwezinto eziyilwayo kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi. Ngabo, ulwazi kunye nophando luqhubela phambili ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.

   Ukholo lobuKristu luye lwayichaphazela njani le nkalo? Abantu abangakholelwayo kunqulo nelokungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo bahlala bengazi ukuba iBhayibhile nokholo lobuKristu luye lwadlala indima enkulu kulo mmandla. Amakhulu eeyunivesithi namashumi amawaka ezikolo aye aqaliswa ngamaKristu azinikeleyo okanye ngomsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni. Abazange bazalwe kwisiseko sokungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo, kuba kwakungekho ziyunivesithi zehlabathi nezilawulwa ngurhulumente. Umzekelo, ezi yunivesithi zilandelayo zaziwa kakhulu eNgilani naseMelika:

-IOxford kunye neCambridge. Zombini ezi zixeko zineecawa ezininzi kunye neecawa. Ezi yunivesithi zasekwa ukuze zifundise iBhayibhile.

-IHarvard. Le yunivesithi ibizwa ngegama likaMfundisi uJohn Harvard. Isiqubulo sayo sango-1692 sithi Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae (inyaniso kaKristu neCawa)

- IYunivesithi yaseYale yasekwa ngumfundi waseHarvard wangaphambili, umfundisi wePuritan Cotton Mather.

- Umongameli wokuqala weYunivesithi yasePrinceton (ekuqaleni iKholeji yaseNew Jersey) yayinguJonathan Edwards, owaziwayo ngemvuselelo enkulu eMelika ngenkulungwane ye-18. Wayengoyena mshumayeli udumileyo wale mvuselelo, kunye noGeorge Whitefield.

- IYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. UGeorge Whitefield, enye inkokeli ye-Great Awakening, waseka isikolo esathi kamva saba yiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. UWhitefield wayengunyana womgcini we-pub-pub kunye neqabane likaJohn Wesley okhankanywe ngasentla xa wayeseNgilane. Wayenelizwi elimnandi ngokungaqhelekanga, elinomsindo nelinamandla, ukuze athethe ngokuvakalayo kumashumi amawaka abantu kwiintlanganiso zangaphandle. Kwakhona wayenokushumayela entywizisa iinyembezi ngenxa yovelwano awayelunikwe nguThixo ngabantu

   Kuthekani ngeIndiya? IIndiya ayaziwa ngobuKristu bayo. Noko ke, kweli lizwe, njengaseAfrika, kukho amawaka ezikolo eziye zazalwa ngesiseko sokholo lobuKristu. Iiyunivesithi zokuqala eIndiya nazo zazalwa ngesiseko esifanayo. Iiyunivesithi ezinjengeyunivesithi yaseCalcutta, iMadras, iBombay kunye neSerampore zaziwa kakhulu. Ukongeza, iYunivesithi yase-Allahabad, eyasekwa ngo-1887, yaziwa kakhulu. Abahlanu kwiiNkulumbuso ezisixhenxe zokuqala zaseIndiya bavela kwesi sixeko, kwaye uninzi lwabaphathi baseIndiya bafunde kwiDyunivesithi yase-Allahabad.

Utshintsho kwisayensi. Eli nqaku laqala kwimbono eyayithandwa ngabantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo yokuba ukholo lobuKristu luye lwaba ngumqobo ekukhuleni kwenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, le mbono kulula ukuyibuza, kuba iilwimi zoncwadi, ukufunda nokubhala kunye neeyunivesithi ziye zazalwa kakhulu kwimpembelelo yokholo lobuKristu.

    Kuthekani ngenguqulelo ebizwa ngokuba yinzululwazi? Ihlala ibanjwa kwizangqa zabangakholelwayo kunqulo kunye nabakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo ukuba le ngxubakaxaka ayinanto yakwenza nokholo lobuKristu, kodwa le mbono inokubuzwa. Ngenxa yokuba ngokwengqiqo yanamhlanje, inzululwazi iqale kube kanye kuphela, oko kukuthi, kwiYurophu yenkulungwane ye-16-18, apho i-theism yobuKristu yayikhona. Ayizange iqale kuluntu olungakholelwayo kwizinto zehlabathi, kodwa ngokukodwa kuluntu oluphefumlelwe lukholo lobuKristu. Phantse zonke izazinzulu eziphambili zazikholelwa kwindalo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho uFrancis Bacon, uRobert Boyle, uIsaac Newton, uJohannes Kepler, uCopernicus, uGalileo Galilei, uBlaise Pascal, uMichael Faraday, uJames Clerck Maxwell, uJohn Ray, uLouis Pasteur, njl.

Izizukulwana zababhali-mbali kunye neengcali ngentlalontle ziye zaphawula ukuba amaKristu, inkolo yobuKristu, kunye namaziko obuKristu aba negalelo ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ekuphuhliseni iimfundiso, iindlela, kunye neenkqubo ezathi ekugqibeleni zazala inzululwazi yendalo yanamhlanje(...) Nangona kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo. yempembelelo yayo phantse bonke ababhali-mbali namhlanje bayavuma ukuba ubuKristu (ubuKatolika nobuProtestanti ngokufanayo) bakhuthaza iinkcuba-buchopho ezininzi zexesha langaphambi kwale mihla ukuba zibandakanyeke kufundo olucwangcisiweyo lwendalo. Kwakhona ababhali-mbali baye baphawula ukuba iingcamango ezibolekwa kubuKristu zangena kwiingxubusho zenzululwazi zaba nemiphumo emihle. Ezinye izazinzulu zide zithi ingcamango yokuba indalo isebenza ngokwemithetho ethile ivela kwizakwalizwi yamaKristu. (5)

Yintoni eyabangela le nguqulelo kwezenzululwazi? Esinye isizathu yayikukuba, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, ziiyunivesithi. Ngowe-1500, kwakukho malunga namashumi amathandathu kubo eYurophu. Ezi dyunivesithi yayingezodyunivesithi ezigcinwe ngabantu abangakholelwayo kwizinto zenkolo kunye norhulumente, kodwa zavela ngenkxaso esebenzayo yecawa yamaxesha aphakathi, kwaye uphando lwenzululwazi yendalo kunye neenkwenkwezi zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuzo. Kuzo kwakukho inkululeko enkulu yophando kunye neengxoxo, nto leyo eyayithandwa. Ezi yunivesithi zazinabafundi abangamakhulu amawaka, yaye zancedisa ekulungiseleleni inguqulelo yenzululwazi eyayiza kwenzeka eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-16-18. Olu vukelo aluzange luvele ngequbuliso, kodwa lwandulelwa luphuhliso oluhle. Amanye amazwekazi ayengenayo imfundo ebanzi efanayo kunye neeyunivesithi ezifanayo njengaseYurophu,

AmaXesha Aphakathi adala isiseko seyona mpumelelo inkulu yoluntu lwaseNtshona: inzululwazi yale mihla. Ibango elithi inzululwazi yayingekho ngaphambi kokuba “uHlaziyo” aluyonyani. Emva kokuziqhelanisa nophando lwamaGrike lwamandulo, abaphengululi bamaXesha Aphakathi bavelisa iinkqubo zengcamango, nto leyo eyakhokelela inzululwazi ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa namaxesha amandulo. Iidyunivesithi, apho inkululeko yezemfundo yayikhuselwe kumandla eenkokeli, zasekwa ngeminyaka yoo-1100. La maziko ahlala ebonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yophando lwezenzululwazi. Kwanemfundiso yezakwalizwi yobuKristu yangqineka ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukukhuthaza ukuphanda ngendalo, ekwakukholelwa ukuba iyindalo kaThixo. (6)

Amayeza kunye nezibhedlele. Enye indawo eye yaphenjelelwa lukholo lobuKristu ngamayeza kunye nokuzalwa kwezibhedlele. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayiyeyoonongendi, ababegcina, bakhuphela kwaye baguqulela imibhalo-ngqangi yezonyango yamandulo kunye neminye imisebenzi yamandulo yamandulo neyenzululwazi. Ukongezelela, baye baphuhlisa ngakumbi amayeza. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo, amayeza ayengayi kuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba elifanayo, kwaye imibhalo yamandulo yamandulo yayingayi kugcinwa ukuze ifunde izizukulwana zanamhlanje.

    Ukhathalelo lwempilo, umsebenzi wentlalontle kunye nemibutho emininzi yesisa (i-Red Cross, Save the Children ...) nayo iqaliswe ngabazibiza ngokuba ngamaKristu, kuba ukholo lobuKristu luhlala lubandakanya uvelwano kummelwane. Oku kusekelwe kwimfundiso nakumzekelo kaYesu. Kunoko, abantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo nabangakholelwayo kubuntu ngokufuthi baye baba ngababukeli kule ndawo. Intatheli yeNgesi uMalcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), ngokwakhe engumntu wehlabathi, kodwa nangona kunjalo enyanisekile, wakuphawula oku. Wanikela ingqalelo kwindlela imbono yehlabathi eyichaphazela ngayo inkcubeko:“Ndichithe iminyaka eIndiya naseAfrika, yaye kuzo zombini ezi zinto ndiye ndadibana nemisebenzi emininzi yobulungisa egcinwa ngamaKristu akwiimvaba ngeemvaba; kodwa andizange nakanye ndibone isibhedlele okanye ikhaya leenkedama elinyanyekelwa ngumbutho wobusoshiyali okanye indawo yokulala abantu abaneqhenqa. isebenza ngesiseko sobuntu." (7)

   Ezi zicatshulwa zilandelayo zibonisa ngakumbi indlela ukholo lobuKristu oluye lwaphembelela ngayo ukonga kunye neminye imimandla ngomsebenzi wobuvangeli. Uninzi lwezibhedlele e-Afrika naseIndiya zazalwa ngeemishini zobuKristu kunye nomnqweno wokunceda. Inxalenye enkulu yezibhedlele zokuqala zaseYurophu nayo yavela phantsi kwempembelelo yokholo lobuKristu. UThixo unokumphilisa umntu ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa abaninzi baye bafumana uncedo ngamayeza nezibhedlele. Ukholo lobuKristu luye lwadlala indima ebalulekileyo koko.

Ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi abantu, abangamalungu oMbutho kaSaint Benedict, babegcina izibhedlele ezingaphezu kwamawaka amabini kwiNtshona Yurophu kuphela. ^{Inkulungwane ye} -12 yayibaluleke ngokuphawulekayo kule nkalo, ngakumbi apho, apho uMyalelo we-Saint John wawusebenza khona. Ngokomzekelo, iSibhedlele esikhulu soMoya oyiNgcwele sasekwa ngowe-1145 eMontpellier, esathi ngokukhawuleza saba liziko lemfundo yezonyango neziko lezonyango laseMontpellier ebudeni bonyaka we-1221. Ukongezelela kunyango, ezi zibhedlele zazibonelela ngokutya kwabalambileyo nabalambileyo. ebenyamekela abahlolokazi neenkedama, enikela amalizo kwabasweleyo. (8)

Nangona icawa yobuKristu ibigxekwa kakhulu kwimbali yayo, ibisele ingumanduleli wokhathalelo lwezonyango kumahlwempu, ukunceda abathinjiweyo, abangenamakhaya okanye abafayo kunye nokuphucula iimeko zokusebenza. EIndiya ezona zibhedlele zibalaseleyo namaziko emfundo anxibelelene nayo ngumphumo womsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni bamaKristu, kangangokuba amaHindu amaninzi asebenzisa ezi zibhedlele ngaphezu kwezo zinyanyekelwa ngurhulumente, kuba esazi ukuba aza kufumana unyameko olulunge ngakumbi. Pha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba xa kwakuqalisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ama-90% abongikazi baseIndiya babengamaKristu, kwaye i-80% yabo yafumana imfundo yabo kwizibhedlele zabavangeli. (9)

Ecaweni imicimbi yobu bomi yayinyanyekelwa kakhulu njengemicimbi yobomi bexesha elizayo; kwabonakala ngathi yonke into eyenziwa ngama-Afrika, yayivela kumsebenzi wobuvangeli becawa. (uNelson Mandela kwingxelo yakhe ngobomi bakhe Uhambo olude oluya eNkululekweni)

Ngaba icawa yazitshutshisa izazinzulu? Njengoko kuchaziwe, ukholo lobuKristu lwaba nempembelelo enkulu ekuzalweni kwenguqulelo yenzululwazi. Esinye isizathu soku yayiziiyunivesithi ezasekwa yicawa. Ibango elithi abantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo bathanda ukulihlakulela, elokuba ukholo lobuKristu beluya kuba ngumqobo ekuphuhliseni inzululwazi, ngoko yintsomi enkulu. Oku kukwaboniswa sisibakala sokuba amazwe apho ukholo lobuKristu lunempembelelo emide ibe ngoovulindlela kwinkalo yenzululwazi nophando.

    Kuthekani ngengcamango yokuba icawa yayitshutshisa izazinzulu? Izangqa ezingakholelwayo kuTixo zifuna ukuyigcina le ngcamango, kodwa abaphandi abaninzi bembali bayijonga njengokugqwethwa kwembali. Le ngcinga yokungavisisani phakathi kokholo nenzululwazi yaqala emva ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa ababhali ababexhasa ithiyori kaDarwin, umz. uAndrew Dickson White noJohn William Draper, bayivelisa ezincwadini zabo. Nangona kunjalo, umzekelo, umphandi wamaxesha aphakathi uJames Hannam uthe:

Ngokwahlukileyo kwinkolelo eqhelekileyo, icawa ayizange iyixhase ingcamango yomhlaba othe tyaba, ayizange ivume utyando lwesidumbu, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayizange itshise nabani na esibondeni ngenxa yeengcamango zayo zenzululwazi. (10)

Umkrokri wase-Australia u-Tim O'Neill uthathe isigqibo kweli bango kwaye ubonisa indlela abantu abancinci abazi ngayo ngembali: "Akunzima ukukhaba le bullshit ibe ngamaqhekeza, ngakumbi xa abantu abathetha ngayo bengazi nto malunga nembali. Basanda kuthatha ezi ngcamango zingaqhelekanga kwiiwebhusayithi kunye neencwadi ezithandwayo. La mabango awela phantsi xa ehlaselwa. ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa.Ndikubona kumnandi ukuhlekisa ngabo basasaza inkohliso ngokugqibeleleyo ngokubacela ukuba babize igama libe mnye – mnye kuphela – inzululwazi eyatshiselwa esibondeni okanye yatshutshiswa okanye yacinezelwa ngenxa yophando lwakhe kwiXesha Eliphakathi. ... Ngexesha xa ndibala izazinzulu zeXesha Eliphakathi - uAlbertus Magnus, uRobert Grosseteste, uRoger Bacon, uJohn Peckham, uDuns Scotus, uThomas Bradwardine, uWalter Burley, uWilliam Heytesbury, uRichard Swineshead, uJohn Dumbleton, uRichard waseWallingford, UNicholas Oresme, uJean Buridan,kunye noNicolaus Cusanus-kwaye ndiyabuza ukuba kutheni la madoda kulo lonke uxolo eqhubela phambili isayensi yamaXesha Aphakathi ngaphandle kokuba icawa ibaphazamise, abachasi bam bahlala bekrwempa iintloko zabo bemangalisiwe, bezibuza ukuba yintoni eyonakeleyo. " (11)

   Kuthekani ngoGalileo Galilei, owabhukuqa umfanekiso welanga elijikeleza umhlaba kaPtolemy wamaGrike? Kuyinyani ukuba uPopu wenze ngokungalunganga ngakuye, kodwa umcimbi kukugqwethwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, hayi ukuchasana nesayensi. (Ewe, oopopu neCawa yamaKatolika baye banetyala lezinye izinto ezininzi, njengeeMfazwe Zomnqamlezo neNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa. Noko ke, ngumbandela wokululahla ngokupheleleyo ukholo lobuKristu okanye ukungalandeli iimfundiso zikaYesu.” Abaninzi abakuqondi oku. umahluko.) Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bobabini abameli benzululwazi nokholo babehlukene kwisimo sengqondo sabo kwingcamango kaGalileo. Abanye oososayensi babekwicala lakhe, abanye bechasa. Ngokufanayo, abanye abefundisi bazichasa iingcamango zakhe, abanye bezithethelela. Oku kuhlala kunjalo xa iithiyori ezintsha zivela.

   Kwakutheni ke ukuze uGalileo angathandwa nguPopu aze avalelwe endlwini yakhe? Esinye isizathu yihambo kaGalileo. UPopu wayekade emthanda kakhulu uGalileo, kodwa ukubhala kukaGalileo ngokungenabuchule kwaba negalelo ekunyukeni kwale meko. U-Ari Turunen ubhale ngemvelaphi yalo mbandela:

Nangona uGalileo Galilei ethathwa njengomnye wabafeli-nkolo abakhulu besayensi, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba wayengekho mnandi kakhulu njengomntu. Wayenekratshi kwaye ecaphuka msinya, encwina kakhulu kwaye eswele ingqiqo nesiphiwo sokuphatha abantu. Ngenxa yolwimi lwakhe olubukhali kunye noburharha, naye akazange asweleke iintshaba. Umsebenzi we-astronomi kaGalileo usebenzisa ifomati yencoko. Le ncwadi yazisa umlinganiswa ongakrelekrele kangako ogama linguSimplicius, othi uGalileo abonise ezona mpikiswano zininzi. Iintshaba zikaGalileo zakwazi ukukholisa uPapa ukuba uGalileo wayethetha uPapa ngomfanekiso wakhe weSimplicus. Kuphela kusemva koku apho i-Urban VIII eyilize nebuthathaka yathatha inyathelo ngokuchasene noGalileo...

    ...U-Urbanus wayezithatha njengomguquli kwaye wavuma ukuthetha noGalileo, kodwa isimbo sikaGalileo sasinzima kakhulu kuPope. Nokuba uGalilei wayethetha uPopu ngomfanekiso wakhe weSimplicus okanye hayi, ukhetho lwegama lwalulubi ngendlela engathethekiyo. UGalilei wayengazikhathalelanga iziseko zokubhala ngempumelelo, eziquka ukuhlonela umfundi. (12)

Yaye ngaba abantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo bazitshutshisile izazinzulu? Ubuncinane oku kwenzeka kwiSoviet Union engakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo, apho izazinzulu ezininzi, njengezazi ngemfuza, zavalelwa entolongweni zaza ezinye zabulawa ngenxa yeengcamango zazo zenzululwazi.

     Ngokunjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi zabulawa kwiNguqulelo yaseFransi: isazi sekhemisti u-Antoine Lavoisier, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJean Sylvain Bally, isazi semineralogist uPhilippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron, isazi ngezityalo uChrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Noko ke, abazange babulawe ngenxa yeengcamango zabo zenzululwazi, kodwa ngenxa yeembono zabo zobupolitika. Nalapha, yayilityala lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, elalinemiphumo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunendlela uGalileo awayephathwa ngayo.

Indlela yesayensi ephosakeleyo: UDarwin ulahlekise isayensi. Eli nqaku liqale kwibango elithandwa ngabantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo lokuba ukholo lobuKristu lube ngumqobo ekuphuhliseni inzululwazi. Kwaxelwa ukuba akukho siseko kweli bango, kodwa ukubaluleka kokholo lobuKristu kuye kwaba nesigqibo sokuzalwa kunye nenkqubela phambili yesayensi. Le mbono isekelwe kwizinto eziliqela ezinjengokuzalwa kweelwimi zoncwadi, ukufunda nokubhala, izikolo neeyunivesithi, uphuhliso lwezamayeza nezibhedlele, nesibakala sokuba inguqulelo yenzululwazi yenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kweye-18 eYurophu, apho imfundiso yobuKrestu yayisamele. Olu tshintsho aluzange luqale kuluntu olungakholelwayo kwizinto zehlabathi, kodwa ngokukodwa kuluntu olukhuthazwa lukholo lobuKristu.

   Ukuba ukholo lobuKristu lube yinto entle ekuphuhliseni isayensi, yavela phi imbono yokuchasa isayensi kunye nokholo lobuKristu? Esinye isizathu soku ngokuqinisekileyo yayinguCharles Darwin neengcamango zakhe zendaleko ngenkulungwane ye-19. Le ngcamango, ehambelana nemvelo, iyona nto iphambili yalo mfanekiso. URichard Dawkins owaziwayo ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo naye wathi ngaphambi kwexesha likaDarwin kwakuya kuba nzima ngaye ukuba angakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo: “ Nangona ukungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo kwakusenokubonakala kusengqiqweni ngaphambi kukaDarwin, yayinguDarwin kuphela owabeka isiseko sokungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo okuthethelelekayo ngokwengqondo.” (13).

   Kodwa kodwa. Xa izazinzulu ngendalo ziwuhlonela umsebenzi nemigudu kaDarwin, zichanile ngokuyinxenye. Banyanisile ukuba uDarwin wayeyingcali yendalo ecokisekileyo eyenza uphononongo oluchanileyo lwendalo, wafunda ngombandela wakhe waza wayazi nendlela yokubhala ngophando lwakhe. Akukho mntu ufunde i-magnum opus yakhe kwiMvelaphi yeZilwanyana unokukhanyela oko.

   Noko ke, azichananga ekwamkeleni ingcamango kaDarwin yokuba zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo zizuzwa kwiseli enye yokuqala (ithiyori yokuqala yeseli-to-man). Isizathu silula: UDarwin akazange akwazi ukubonisa nayiphi na imizekelo yeenguqu kwiintlobo zezilwanyana kwincwadi yakhe ethi On the Origin of Species , kodwa imizekelo kuphela yokuhluka kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukwahlukahlukana, njengobukhulu bomlomo wentaka, ubukhulu bamaphiko, okanye ukuxhathisa ngakumbi kwezinye iintsholongwane, akubonisi nangayiphi na indlela ukuba zonke iindidi ezikhoyo ziphuma kwiseli enye yantlandlolo. La magqabaza alandelayo axela ngakumbi ngesihloko. UDarwin ngokwakhe kwafuneka avume ukuba wayengenayo imizekelo yeenguqulelo zokwenene kwizinto eziphilayo. Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa uDarwin walahlekisa isayensi:

UDarwin: Eneneni ndidiniwe kukuxelela abantu ukuba andinabo nabuphi na ubungqina obuthe ngqo bokuba uhlobo oluthile luye lwaguquka lwaba lolunye uhlobo yaye ndikholelwa ukuba le mbono ichanile ubukhulu becala kuba izinto ezininzi zinokudityaniswa zize zichazwe ngokusekelwe kulo. (14)

IEncyclopedia Britannica: Imele igxininiswe into yokuba uDarwin akazange athi uye wakwazi ukungqina indaleko okanye imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo. Wathi ukuba indaleko yenzeka, zininzi izinto ezingaqondakaliyo ezinokuchazwa. Ubungqina obuxhasa indaleko ke ngoko abuthanga ngqo. 

Kuyamangalisa ukuba incwadi eye yaduma ngokuchaza imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo ayicacisi nangayiphi na indlela. ( UChristopher Booker, umbhali wemihlathi yeTimes ebhekiselele kuDarwin’s magnum opus, Kwimvelaphi yeZilwanyana )   (15)

Ukuba uDarwin wayefundise ngendlela yokuba endaweni yomthi omnye wosapho (imbono yendaleko, ecinga ukuba izinto eziphila ngoku zavela kwiseli yokuqala enye), ngekwabakho amakhulukhulu emithi yosapho, nokuba umthi ngamnye unamasebe. kunye ne-bifurcations, wayeya kuba kufutshane nenyaniso. Ukwahluka kwenzeka, njengoko uDarwin wangqinayo, kodwa kuphela kwiintlobo ezisisiseko. Ingqwalasela ilingana ngcono nemodeli yokudala kunemodeli apho iimo zobomi zangoku zisuka kwiseli enye yokuqala, oko kukuthi isiqu esinye:

Sinokuthelekelela kuphela ngeenjongo ezikhokelele izazinzulu ukuba zamkele ingcamango yonozala omnye ngokungagxekiyo. Uloyiso lukaDarwin ngokungathandabuzekiyo lwakhulisa iwonga lezazinzulu, yaye ingcamango yenkqubo ezenzekelayo yavisisana kakuhle nomoya wamaxesha kangangokuba le ngcamango yade yafumana inkxaso ekhwankqisayo kwiinkokeli zonqulo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, izazinzulu zayamkela le ngcamango ngaphambi kokuba ivavanywe ngokuqatha, zaza ke zasebenzisa igunya lazo ukuze zeyisele uluntu ngokubanzi ukuba iinkqubo zendalo zazanele ukuvelisa umntu kwibhaktiriya kunye nebhaktiriya kumxube wemichiza. Inzululwazi yendaleko yaqalisa ukukhangela ubungqina obuxhasayo yaza yaqalisa ukuza neengcaciso ezaziza kubuphelisa ubungqina obungachananga. (16)

Ingxelo yefosili ikwayiphikisa ingcamango kaDarwin. Sekukudala kwaziwa ukuba akukho kukhula kancinci kancinci kunokubonwa kwiifosili, nangona ithiyori yendaleko ifuna ukuvela kweemvakalelo, amalungu kunye neentlobo ezintsha ngale nto. Ngokomzekelo, uSteven M. Stanley wathi: “Akukho nokuba mnye umzekelo kwi<em>fossil eyaziwayo apho kuphuhliswa inkalo entsha ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo (17)

    Ukungabikho kokukhula ngokuthe ngcembe kuye kwavunywa zizazinzulu ezininzi eziphambili. Iifosili okanye iintlobo zale mihla azibonisi imizekelo yokukhula ngokuthe ngcembe okufunwa yingcamango kaDarwin. Ngezantsi kukho amagqabantshintshi avela kubameli beemyuziyam zembali yendalo. Iimyuziyam zembali yendalo kufuneka zibe nobona bungqina bubalaseleyo bendaleko, kodwa azinabo. Okokuqala, amagqabaza kaStephen Jay Gould, mhlawumbi oyena sosayensi udumileyo wexesha lethu (iMyuziyam yaseMelika). Wala uphuhliso oluthe chu kwiifosili:

UStephen Jay Gould: Andifuni nangayiphi na indlela ukujongela phantsi ubuchule obunokubakho bembono yendaleko ngokuthe ngcembe. Ndifuna nje ukuphawula ukuba ayizange 'ibonwe' ematyeni.  (Ubhontsi wePanda, 1988, iphe. 182,183).

UGqr. Etheridge, umgcini owaziwayo kwihlabathi leMyuziyam yaseBritane:  Kuyo yonke imyuziyam, akukho neyona nto incinci inokungqina imvelaphi yeentlobo ezivela kwiifom eziphakathi. Ingcamango yendaleko ayisekelwanga kwizinto eziqwalaselweyo nakwizibakala. Ngokuphathelele ukuthetha ngobudala bohlanga loluntu, imeko iyafana. Le myuziyam igcwele ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ezi thiyori azinangqondo. (18)

Akukho nalinye kumagosa kwiimyuziyam ezinkulu ezintlanu ze-paleontological onokubonisa nomzekelo omnye olula wento ephilayo enokuthi ithathwe njengenxalenye yobungqina bokuvela ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kwenye. (Ushwankathelo lukaGqr. Luther Sunderland kwincwadi yakhe ethi  Darwin’s enigma . Wadlan’ indlebe nabameli abaninzi beemyuziyam zembali yendalo kule ncwadi waza wababhalela enenjongo yokufumanisa uhlobo lobungqina ababenabo bokungqina indaleko. [19])

Le ngxelo ilandelayo iqhubeka kwangombandela ofanayo. Ongasekhoyo uGq. Colin Patterson wayeyingcali yezidalwa zakudala kunye nengcali yefosili kwiMyuziyam yaseBritane (iMbali yeNdalo). Wabhala incwadi ethetha ngendaleko - kodwa xa omnye umntu wambuza ukuba kutheni incwadi yakhe ingenayo imifanekiso ephakathi (izinto eziphilayo eziguqukayo), wabhala le mpendulo ilandelayo. Kwimpendulo yakhe, ubhekisela kuStephen J. Gould, mhlawumbi oyena sosayensi udumileyo ehlabathini (yongezelela ngqindilili):

Ndivumelana ngokupheleleyo noluvo lwakho malunga nokunqongophala kwemizobo kwincwadi yam malunga nezinto eziphilayo ezikwinqanaba lenguquko. Ukuba bendiphaphele nayiphi na into enjalo, ngefosili okanye ubomi, ngendizifake ngokuzithandela kwincwadi yam . Ucebisa ukuba ndisebenzise umzobi ukuze ndibonise iifomu ezinjalo eziphakathi kodwa wayeza kuzifumana phi iinkcukacha zemizobo yakhe? Xa ndithetha ngokunyanisekileyo, andikwazanga ukumnika olu lwazi, kwaye ukuba lo mbandela unokuwushiyela umzobi, ngaba ubungayi kumlahlekisa umfundi?

   Ndabhala isicatshulwa sencwadi yam kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo [kule ncwadi ubalisa ukuba ukholelwa kwiindlela ezithile eziphakathi]. Ukuba bendinokuyibhala ngoku, ndicinga ukuba le ncwadi ibiya kwahluka. I-Gradualism (ukutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe) yingcamango endikholelwa kuyo. Akunjalo nje ngenxa yodumo lukaDarwin kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuqonda kwam imfuza kubonakala kukufuna oko. Noko ke, kunzima ukumangalela [ingcali edumileyo yeefosili uStephen J.] Gould nabanye abantu bemyuziyam yaseMerika xa besithi azikho iindlela eziphakathi . Njengesazi ngezidalwa zamandulo, ndisebenza kakhulu ngeengxaki zefilosofi xa ndibona iindlela zakudala zezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwifosili. Uthi kwakhona kufuneka ubuncinane 'ndibonise ifoto yefosili, apho iqela elithile lezinto eziphilayo lavela khona.' Ndithetha ngokuthe ngqo – akukho litye lamandulo elinokuba bubungqina obungangeni manzi . (20)

Sisiphi isigqibo esinokufikelela kuso ngokusuka koku kungasentla? Sinokumhlonela uDarwin njengesazi sendalo esilungileyo, kodwa asifanele siyamkele ingqikelelo yakhe malunga nelifa lezinto eziphilayo kwiseli enye yokuqala. Ubungqina bufaneleke ngakumbi kwindalo kangangokuba uThixo walungisa yonke into ngoko nangoko. Ukwahluka kwenzeka, kwaye iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokutshintshwa kwinqanaba elithile ngokuzalanisa, kodwa konke oku kunemida ekuza kufikelelwa kuyo ngokukhawuleza.

    Isigqibo sesokuba uDarwin walahlekisa inzululwazi, yaye izazinzulu ezingakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo zamlandela. Kusengqiqweni ngakumbi ukuthembela kwimbono engokwembali yokuba uThixo wadala yonke into kangangokuba ayizange izivele ngokwayo. Le mbono ikwaxhaswa sisibakala sokuba izazinzulu azisazi isicombululo sendlela ubomi obunokuzivelela ngayo. Oku kuyaqondakala kuba yinto engenakwenzeka. Ubomi kuphela obunokudala ubomi, kwaye akukho ngaphandle kwalo mgaqo ofunyenweyo. Kwiifom zobomi bokuqala, oku kubhekisa ngokucacileyo kuThixo:

- ( Gen 1:1 ) Ekuqaleni uThixo wadala izulu nomhlaba.

- ( Rom 1:19,20 ) Ngokokuba oko kwazekayo ngoThixo kuyabonakala ngaphakathi kwabo; kuba uThixo ubabonisile.

20 Kuba kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, iindawo zakhe ezibe zingenakubonwa zibonwa kakuhle, ziqondeke, ngezinto ezenziweyo, kwa-amandla akhe angunaphakade, nobuThixo bakhe. ukuze bangabi nakuziphendulela ;

- ( ISityhilelo 4:11 ) Ufanele, Nkosi, ukwamkela uzuko, nembeko, namandla, ngokuba inguwe owadala zonke izinto, nangenxa yokuthanda kwakho zikho, zadalelwa oko .

Jesus is the way, the truth and the life

Grap to eternal life!

Other Google Translate machine translations:

Izigidi zeminyaka / iidinosaur / ngendaleko yabantu?
Ukutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaur
Inzululwazi ekulahlekeni: ithiyori ezingakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo kunye nezigidi zeminyaka
Zaziphila nini iidinosaur?

Imbali yeBhayibhile
UMkhukula

Ukholo lobuKristu: isayensi, amalungelo abantu
UbuKristu kunye nesayensi
Ukholo lobuKristu kunye namalungelo oluntu

Iinkonzo zaseMpuma / New Age
nguBhuda, ubuBhuda okanye uYesu?
Ngaba ukuvela ngokutsha kuyinyaniso?

inkolo yamaSilamsi
Izityhilelo kunye nobomi bukaMuhammad
Unqulo-zithixo kumaSilamsi naseMecca
Ngaba iKoran inokuthenjwa?

Imibuzo ngokuziphatha
Khululeka kubufanasini
Umtshato ongathathi hlangothi ngokwesini
Ukuqhomfa sisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho
I-Euthanasia kunye neempawu zamaxesha

Usindiso
Unokusindiswa