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I-Euthanasia kunye neempawu zamaxesha
Funda ukuba kuthetha ukuthini i-euthanasia, zeziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuthethelela, kwaye apho ukwamkela kukhokelela khona
Eli nqaku lithetha nge-euthanasia, okanye ukufa ngenxa yenceba, nto leyo ngokoqobo ethetha ukuvelisa ukufa kumguli obomi bakhe yena okanye abanye ababugqali njengobubalulekile. Ingumbandela othi maxa wambi uvele kwakhona xa abanye abantu befuna ukuba usemthethweni. Injongo isenokuba kukuyeka ukubandezeleka, ukuba nemali, okanye ukulondoloza isidima ekufeni. Amagama abalulekileyo kule ndawo abandakanya:
I-euthanasia ngokuzithandela ithetha ukubulala umntu ngesicelo sakhe. Inokuthelekiswa nokuzibulala ngokuncediswa.
I-euthanasia engekho ngokuzithandela ithetha ukubulala umntu ngenkolelo yokuba kungcono ukuba afe. Abanye abantu benza olo khetho kuba ixhoba lingakwazi ukuveza uluvo lwalo.
I-euthanasia engafunekiyo kukubulawa komntu ngokuchasene nentando yakhe.
I-euthanasia esebenzayo ithetha ukubulala umntu ngesenzo, njengokusebenzisa ityhefu ebulalayo.
I-euthanasia ye-Passive euthanasia ithetha ukukhawulezisa ukufa ngokuyeka unyango okanye ukuthintela ukufikelela kwizondlo kunye namanzi. Ngokokuziphatha akukude kwi-euthanasia esebenzayo, ekubeni zombini imele iphele ngokufa.
Kodwa indlela yokufikelela kwesi sihloko sinzima, esichukumisa eyona mibuzo inzulu yobomi: intsingiselo yobomi bomntu, ukubandezeleka kunye nabamelwane? Le yimiba ephononongwa apha ngezantsi. Injongo kukuqala ukuxoxa ngezona ngxoxo zixhaphakileyo, eziye zasetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-euthanasia.
Buyintoni ubomi obunentsingiselo ? Esinye sezizathu zokubulawa kwe-euthanasia kukuba ukuba umntu unesiphene okanye isigulo esinzulu, siyamthintela ukuba aphile ubomi obunesidima nobunenjongo. Kucingelwa ukuba umgangatho wobomi bakhe awunakuba kangangokuba anganeliseka kwaye onwabe. Noko ke, umbuzo obalulekileyo ngowokuba ngubani ochaza umgangatho wobomi bomntu? Umzekelo, abantu abaninzi abakhubazekileyo kwasekuzalweni kwabo (umz. Down's syndrome) banokonwaba kwaye baneliseke ebomini babo. Banokuzisa uvuyo kwindawo abahlala kuyo, nangona ubomi babo busenokuba bulinganiselwe ngakumbi kunobunye. Kuphosakele ukuthi abaphili ubomi obunenjongo. Ukuba silinganisa ixabiso lethu kuphela ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ngoko siyalibala ubuntu. Kuthekani ngeepilisi zentlungu kunye noncedo lwezonyango kumgangatho wobomi? Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ingxabano ye-euthanasia ifike kuphela kumaxesha anamhlanje, xa iimeko zokunciphisa intlungu zingcono kunanini ngaphambili. Ngoku kulula ukukhulula iintlungu zomzimba ngokusebenzisa amayeza. Abaninzi abaye bonzakala kwiingozi okanye abaye baqaqanjelwa banokuzisebenzisa ukuze baphile ubomi obanelisayo. Amaxesha amaninzi ingxaki asiyontlungu, kodwa kukudandatheka, okuqhubela umntu ekubeni afune ukufa. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela ukudakumba, kwaye intlungu inokususwa kwiimeko ezinzima ngokusebenzisa i-anesthesia. Wonke umntu unokufumana amaxesha okudakumba kunye neentlungu zomzimba ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Abanye banokuthi banombulelo ngokunikwa ixesha elingakumbi lokuphila ngoncedo loomatshini bokuphefumla kunye neetyhubhu (isongezelelo senyanga esivela kuHelsingin Sanomat, 1992/7 - inqaku elithi "Eläköön elämä" [Hurrah life]) - apho uninzi lwabaxhasi ye-euthanasia ithathela ingqalelo ukuthotywa kunye nokungafanelekanga kwisidima somntu. Ngoko ke, kuphosakele ukuthetha ngabo bonke abantu, ukuba isifo esithile okanye isiphene singumqobo kumgangatho wobomi babo. Kwaabantu abafanayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kamva bachacha ngokupheleleyo okanye bavuka kwikoma enzulu emva kweenyanga. Iimeko ezinjalo ziyaziwa.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, uluntu lubeka abantu abasempilweni kwaye abakrelekrele phezulu kumgangatho wokuphila, nangona maxa wambi ngabona bangonwabanga. Kwelinye icala, uluntu lugqala umgangatho wobomi babantu abahluphekayo uphantsi, nangona maxa wambi isenokuba ngabona baneliseke kakhulu. (1)
Isigxeko esibalulekileyo esichasene nonyango siya kuthathwa ngokuba sihlala sithetha malunga nesimo sengqondo somntu ofanelekileyo kunye nosempilweni kunyango lwesifo esibi. Yaziwa kakuhle into yokuba izimvo zabantu ziyatshintsha kulo mba. Umntu osempilweni akakhe enze ukhetho olufana nolomntu ogulayo. Njengoko ixesha lokuphila lincipha, ubomi budla ngokuziva buxabiseke ngakumbi. Ugqirha onomhlaza wanyanzelisa umntu asebenza naye ukuba azitofe ngokubulalayo njengoko esi sifo sasisiya sisiya sisiba mbi. Kwandula ke, xa umhlaza wawusiya usiba mandundu, umguli woyika waza waphelelwa lithemba kangangokuba akazange avume kwanezitofu zokuthomalalisa iintlungu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabaguli abakhubazeke kakhulu bakhetha ubomi kunokufa. Emva kwengozi, mnye kuphela kwi-tetraplegics (quadriplegics) owasindiswa ngomatshini wokuphefumla owayenqwenela ukuvunyelwa ukuba asweleke. Izigulana ezibini zazingaqinisekanga, kodwa ezili-18 zazinqwenela uncedo lwethutyana lokuphefumla kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko. (2) (3)
Abantu abakhubazekileyo nabangenaziphene kuluntu lwethu abafuni ukomelezwa komfanekiso wobuntu owenziwe kuthi ngabarhwebi bobuxoki kunye nabathengisi bokhuphiswano, ezemidlalo, ezempilo, ubuhle, ubomi obulula - kunye nokufa okulula. .. Kwakhona basoloko bezama ukusixelela ukuba ulonwabo nokubandezeleka akunakungena emntwini omnye nakubomi obufanayo okanye ekufeni kwangaxeshanye. Kuxoxwa kuthi ukuba umntu okhubazekileyo ngumntu okhubazekileyo kuphela kwaye akabikho ngaxeshanye usempilweni kwaye ungumntu nokunye okuninzi. Isixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni indlela yokucinga yabo baphetheyo ikwayingcamango yokuba ukungabi nakuzinceda nokuxhomekeka zizinto nje ezimbi. Kwangokunjalo, isixhobo esiyingozi sikwathetha ngobomi obundilisekileyo – abo basemagunyeni bathi kukho into enjalo baze bayichaze ukuba yintoni na. Namhlanje, Ummeli kunye nomdibanisi wengcinga eqhelekileyo nguJorma Palo xa ebhala malunga nokuthotywa kunzima kakhulu ukubandezeleka okunxulumene nokukhubazeka. Ukuthotywa kuza kubantu abaninzi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Siyazi ukuba ukuthotywa kunokuzama ukubaleka kwaye ukukhanyela okanye ukuziphindezela, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu kuthi abaqondayo ukuba kunokujongana ubuso ngobuso kwaye ngaphandle kokubaleka. Asinawo umfanekiso onokufumaneka engqondweni xa kuyimfuneko, indlela yokukhula phakathi kokuthotywa kunye nokufumana into entsha kunye nebalulekileyo. Kakade ke, yinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba akulunganga ukuhlazisa omnye umntu. Ngokombono wam, izenzo zikaPalo sele zisondele kakhulu ekuthobeni abantu abakhubazekileyo. Noko ke, ubomi ngokwabo bululaza, ngokungafaniyo nomntu owenza okubi. Kwanomntu onesiphene onyanyekelwayo uvakalelwa kukuba le meko yahluke kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwindlela omnye umntu omnyamekelayo ahlobene ngayo naye. (4)
Omnye umzekelo ubonisa indlela abantu abanokucinga ngayo into eyahlukileyo xa besempilweni kunakwimeko apho baye bangakwazi ukusebenza. Uninzi lwabantu abane-quadriplegic babefuna ukuphila. Amaxesha amaninzi ayizizifo ezichaphazela umdla wokuphila, kodwa ukudakumba. Kwanabantu abasempilweni banokudandatheka.
Kolunye uhlolisiso, ulutsha olusempilweni lwabuzwa enoba lunokufuna kusini na ukuchacha ngokunyanyekelwa ngokunzulu ukuba lunokungakwazi ukushukuma ngokusisigxina kwingozi. Phantse bonke baphendula ngelithi bakhetha ukufa. Xa kwadliwan’ indlebe nabaselula abangama-60 abane<em>quadriplegia, ababenesiphene ngesiquphe, mnye kuphela kubo owathi kwakungafanelanga ahlaziywe. Ababini abazange bakwazi ukuphendula, kodwa wonke umntu wayefuna ukuphila. Babefumene ubomi obunentsingiselo kwanaxa befe umzimba. (5)
Uqoqosho. I-Euthanasia nayo iye yathethelelwa ngezizathu zoqoqosho. Yenye ingxabano ephambili esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-euthanasia. Kwale ngxoxo inye yayisetyenziswa ngamaNazi kwipropaganda yawo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu sokuthandabuza izibalo malunga nonyango lwezonyango kunye nezinye iindleko. Ukongiwa kweendleko akugqibekanga kuko konke:
Njengesiqhelo, abagcini-mali bayasichwechwela, bexhobe bexhobe ngeemfuno ezicacileyo zokunciphisa iindleko. Kakade ke, beziya kuphunyezwa ukuba wonke umntu ebenenkathalo kuphela, ukuba inyameko yehospice ibicwangciswe kakuhle, kwaye ukuba “ayiyomfuneko” (siza kubuya siqwalasele intsingiselo yelo gama kungekudala) unyango luye lwayekiswa. NgoFebruwari 1994, uEmanuel noEmanuel beSikolo sezoNyango saseHarvard bapapasha uphononongo olubanzi lwamanqaku abhalwe ngalo mbandela ehlabathini lonke baza baqukumbela ngelithi: “Akukho mali yongiwayo ekupheleni kobomi—enoba inxulumene nomyolelo wonyango, ukunyanyekelwa kwabantu abagulela ukufa okanye ukupheliswa konyango. ukhathalelo olungeyomfuneko - bathatha isigqibo. Yonke into ikhomba kwicala elifanayo: ukonga kumanyathelo onyango anxulumene nokuphela kobomi akubalulekanga. Isixa esinokuthi mhlawumbi sigcinwe ngokunciphisa ubundlongondlongo, Iinkqubo ezigcina ubomi bezigulana eziswelekayo zifikelela kwi-3.3% yeendleko zezempilo zizonke.” Kakhulu ekusindiseni ekufeni; ukusuka kwindlela yokuziphatha engqongqo ye-utilitarian ukuya kwiingxaki ezinzima, ze-bioethical ezikhoyo ngoku kwingxoxo yezempilo. Ubuncinane kulo mmandla ubalulekileyo, ngoku siyakhubeka ezinyaweni zethu. (6)
Ubalo lonyango lwezamayeza nezinye iindleko lusenokuthandatyuzwa. Nangona, kuyinyani ukuba kukho iindleko zonyango ngendlela yemivuzo, njl. njl., kwaloo mali iyakujikeleza ibuyele eluntwini. Abasebenzi basesibhedlele bahlawula irhafu, bathenga ukutya kunye nezinto ezithengiswayo (konke kuquka irhafu eyongeziweyo) njengabanye abantu. Enye indlela kukudenda nokuhlawula izibonelelo zokungaphangeli, kodwa ngaba oko kuyavakala? Oku kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwentswela-ngqesho kwaye kuya kumisa uqoqosho. Lilonke iya kuba sisisombululo esicinezelekileyo. Ingqesho inokunyuswa ngokuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi kwicandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo, apho abasebenzi abaninzi abakhoyo basebenza ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuba bonke abanye abahlawuli berhafu 'intlawulo yerhafu eFinland, umz., (abasebenzi abazizigidi ezi-2, umvuzo ophakathi wama-35 000 eeuro) bekuya kunyuswa nge-0,5 ekhulwini kwaye bekuya kusetyenziselwa ukuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi, kuya kwandisa ingqesho nge-ca. Abantu abangama-7000 (akukho mali yetyala ekufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuqesha). Le mali yayiza kubuyela kumjikelezo kunye noluntu ngendlela yerhafu kunye nezinye iintlawulo. Kwisixeko esinjengeHelsinki (500 000 abahlali) kuya kuthetha ca. 700 abasebenzi abatsha, kwaye kwindawo efana Lahti (100 000 abahlali) 140 abasebenzi abatsha, ngokulandelelanayo. Ukuba irhafu yomvuzo inyuswe nge-0,25 %, oko kuya kuthetha isiqingatha lala manani. Aba basebenzi baninzi bangena kwicandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo baya kwenza ukuba ukusebenza kube mnandi ngakumbi kwaye kunikeze ithuba lokubonelela ngokhathalelo lobuntu ngakumbi kubadala nabagulayo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abantu abaninzi bakulungele ukuhlawula irhafu eninzi ukuze bagcine iinkonzo ezisemgangathweni.
Imbali kunye neyeza. Ukuqonda kwimbali yezonyango kwihlabathi laseNtshona kutyhila ukuba iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu sisifungo sikaHippocratic, izithethe ezakhiwe ngeenxa zonke kuyo, kunye nengqondo esesikweni evela kwingqiqo yobuKristu yoluntu. Ezo nkalo ziye zaphembelela ngendlela eyenza ukuba abantu babuxabise kwasekuqaleni ubomi bomntu, oko kukuthi kwasekukhawulweni kwakhe. Imigaqo ebaluleke kakhulu ibandakanye ukusindisa ubomi babantu kunye nokunciphisa intlungu ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Le ndlela ifumaneka kwincwadi yoMbutho wezoNyango waseFinland ebizwa ngokuthi Lääkärin etiikka [Iinqobo zikaGqirha], egxininisa ukuba umguli angaze ashiywe ngaphandle konyango:
Iinkqubo zokwandisa ubomi zinokurhoxiswa xa ukufa ngokuqinisekileyo kulindeleke kwaye umguli engenakunyangwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-passive assistance yokufa, kodwa ngumbuzo wogqirha oqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, apho kufuneka kwenziwe izigqibo rhoqo ukukhetha eyona ndlela yonyango ifanelekileyo yesigulana. Kwelinye icala, i<em>euthanasia esebenzayo, oko kukuthi ukufa ngokukhawuleza, isenokuba yenza ngokuvisisana nesicelo somguli xa efuna ukubulawa. Isimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo soogqirha malunga noncedo lokufa eFinland siyalicekisa. Imithetho yesithethe yogqirha ayikwamkeli ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono zonyango ekubulaleni umntu ngabom. UMthetho woLwaphulo-mthetho umisela isohlwayo esiqatha xa umntu ebulele umntu, nokuba oko kwenziwe ngokwesicelo sakhe. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba yonke ingcamango ye-euthanasia kufuneka ishiywe, kuba inika kuphela ingcamango yokuba ugqirha ubangela ukufa kwesigulane endaweni yesifo. Kukho izifo ezingenakunyangeka, kodwa isigulane asishiywa ngaphandle konyango. (7)
Injani imeko namhlanje? Izangqa ezininzi zefilosofi zifuna ukutshabalalisa isithethe esilungileyo nesikhuselekileyo esiye sahlala kwezamayeza kumashumi eminyaka. Inyathelo lokuqala elibhekiselele kolu lwalathiso yayikukunyanzelisa ukuqhomfa ngokusemthethweni. Kwakungafunwanga ngamaqela ezonyango, kodwa ngabalandeli benkcubeko yokuzingca yolonwabo. Babecinga ukuba kulungile ukubulala umntwana ukuba uye wanxamnye nezicwangciso zabazali. Kule mihla, phantse konke ukuqhomfa kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zasekuhlaleni, kungekhona kuba ubomi bukamama buya kuba sengozini. Ngokomzekelo, eIndiya naseTshayina abantwana abangamantombazana babulawa ngokuqhomfa, kumazwe aseNtshona amadoda namabhinqa ayabulawa.(EIndiya kukho amabhinqa angama-914 kuphela kumadoda ali-1000. Ekubeni kunokwenzeka ukuba kuhlolwe isini semveku engekazalwa kwangethuba, oko kuye kwakhokelela kwizigidi zokuqhomfa kwamantombazana angekazalwa.) Leliphi icala elitsha? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwamkela ukubulawa komntwana ngaphakathi esibelekweni sikanina kuya kubangela ukuba okufanayo kwamkelwe ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Kucingelwa ngokusengqiqweni ukuba ukuba ukubulawa komntwana osesibelekweni kuyathetheleleka, kutheni kufanele kubekho umahluko ekwenzeni oko ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Kwamanye amazwe sele kukho iingxubusho zokuphelisa ubomi beentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa eziyimilwelwe ngokuqatha, abaguli abakoma isiqaqa, nabantu abaneziphene eziqatha. Iingxoxo ezifanayo eziye zasetyenziselwa ukukhusela ukuqhomfa zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-euthanasia. Njengoko incoko iqhubela phambili, kusenokwenzeka ukuba imida iya icutheka ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokuphathelele oko kubumba ubomi obunentsingiselo. Izangqa zefilosofi zithatha uphuhliso kunye neengxoxo kwicala apho ixabiso elipheleleyo lobomi bomntu lilahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwalo ngakumbi nangakumbi.(EHolland, apho uqheliselo luye lwathathwa kakhulu, ngaphezu kweshumi labantu abadala bathi boyika ukuba oogqirha babo baya kubabulala bengafuni. [8] Amawaka aphethe ikhadi kwiipokotho zawo apho elichaza ukuba bafuna ukubulawa ngokuchasene nentando yabo ukuba balaliswe esibhedlele.) UAlbert Schweitzer wathi:
Xa umntu ephelelwa yintlonelo ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lobomi, uphelelwa yintlonelo ngobomi xa bubonke. (9)
Inkqubela phambili yale mihla ayiyonto intsha okanye yokucinga yangoku. Ukuba sibuyela eJamani ngeminyaka yee-1920 neyee-1930, imeko efanayo yayigquba apho kwanangaphambi kokuba amaNazi alawule. UHitler akazange adale le ndlela yokucinga, kodwa yavela kwitafile yefilosofi. Into ebalulekileyo yayiyincwadi epapashwe ngugqirha wengqondo u-Alfred Hoche kunye nejaji uKarl Bilding ekuqaleni kwe-1920s, eyayithetha ngabantu abangenaxabiso kunye nobomi obungafanelanga ukuphila. Olo kunye nobuxoki bobuNazi bavula indlela yokuba abantu bamkele ingcamango yobomi obuphantsi. Konke kwaqala kwisiqalo esincinci. Imikhwa enjengemfundiso yezakwalizwi yenkululeko nendaleko nayo yaphenjelelwa ngamandla ngasemva. Babenenkxaso eninzi eJamani ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900.
Kwacaca kubantu abaphanda ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe ukuba oku kubulalana kwabantu kuqatsele kutshintsho olungephi kwisimo sengqondo. Ekuqaleni oogqirha baye batshintsha nje kancinci. Ingcamango yobomi obungafanelanga ukuphila yamkelwa. Ekuqaleni oku kwakuchaphazela kuphela abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo. Kancinci, umda wabantu, ababethathwa njengabanokubulawa, wanwenwela kwabangenangeniso kwintlalontle, abo babeneengcamango ezahlukeneyo, abacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga kwaye ekugqibeleni kubo bonke abangengawo amaJamani. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba lo loliwe wengcinga waqala kutshintsho oluncinci lwesimo sengqondo kwabo bagula ngokungenathemba, ekucingelwa ukuba abasayi kubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili. Ngoko ke, olo tshintsho luncinane kwisimo sengqondo sikagqirha lufanele luhlolwe. (10) Uphuhliso lwenzeka njani? Xa kukho utshintsho kuluntu kummandla wokuziphatha - ukwamkelwa kokukhipha isisu, ubudlelwane bezesondo obukhululekile, njl njl - iinguqu zihlala zilandela umzekelo ofanayo. Lo mzekelo uphindaphindwa izihlandlo eziliqela yaye ukhokelele ekuguquleni izimo zengqondo zabantu. Kule modeli, amanyathelo abaluleke kakhulu zezi zinto zilandelayo:
1 . Iqaqobana labantu abangxolayo livakalisa imilinganiselo emitsha yokuziphatha, begatya ihambo ebigqalwa njengelungileyo kangangamashumi eminyaka. Oku kwenzeka ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1960, xa kwabhengezwa ingcamango yokwabelana ngesondo ngokukhululekileyo nokuqhomfa. Ngokukwanjalo, ubufanasini, obebugqalwa njengobugqwethekileyo nobebugqalwa njengobubangelwa ziimeko, bujongwa kakuhle namhlanje. I-Euthanasia yinto enye efanayo kule ngxoxo:
Ndaba kude nelizwe lakowethu kangangeminyaka emithathu, ngowe-1965 ukusa kowe-1968. Xa ndabuyela ekwindla lowe-1968, ndothuka gqitha lutshintsho olwenzeka kwimekobume yencoko yasesidlangalaleni. Oku kwakuchaphazela ithoni yencoko kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemibuzo. (...) Kwilizwe labafundi, abo bafuna ukuthetheleleka kobudlelwane bezesondo ngabo babevuthela iitrombone zabo ngokuvakalayo. Bagxininisa ngokomzekelo, ukuba amakhwenkwe namantombazana afanele avunyelwe ukuba ahlale kunye kumagumbi okuhlala eyunivesithi nangona bengatshatanga. Kwakubonakala ngathi i-Teen League yayithatyathwe ziinkokeli ezintsha ezazivakalisa kungekuphela nje isoshiyali kunye nedemokhrasi yesikolo, kodwa kwanombono wobudlelwane bezesondo ngokukhululekileyo. Lilonke, eyona nto yayintsha yayikukuba kwasekwa amaqela eembekiselo awayethetha ngokuphandle ngakumbi ngemibandela yesini kunokuba kwakusisithethe ngaphambili esidlangalaleni, etyhola uluntu neCawa ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo emibini. (11)
2. Amajelo eendaba anika ithuba abameli bokuziphatha okutsha, bebajonga njengohlobo oluthile lwamaqhawe:
Izibini ezihlala ngokuhlalisana ngokungekho mthethweni ziye zadliwano-ndlebe esidlangalaleni njengezinye iindidi zamagorha ezimilo ezitsha eziye zabuganga bama ngokuchasene nokuziphatha koluntu oludodobalayo loohlohlesakhe. Ngokufanayo, abantu abathandana besini esifana nesabo babuzwa imibuzo kwaye kwabizelwa ukuqhomfa simahla (12)
3. I-Gallup polls iqinisekisa utshintsho kwicala. Njengoko besanda abantu beguqukela ekuxhaseni lo mkhuba mtsha, uchaphazela nabanye abafunda olu phando.
4. Inqanaba lesine kuxa abawisi-mthetho beqinisekisa isenzo esitsha, becinga ukuba silungile, nangona kwaloo nto inye ithathwa njengengalunganga ukutyhubela iminyaka. UWilliam Booth, umseki woMkhosi wosindiso, waxela kwangaphambili ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka kanye ngaphambi kokubuya kukaYesu. Bekuya kuvela abawisi-mthetho abangamhloneliyo nakancinane uThixo nemithetho yakhe. Kunzima ukukhanyela ukuba uphuhliso luye kweli cala.
1. Emva koko kuya kubakho iipolitiki ngaphandle koThixo... Kuya kufika imini xa umgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni welizwe lonke laseNtshona uya kuba ngathi akukho mntu nakweliphi na inqanaba elilawulayo oya kuphinda amoyike uThixo... isizukulwana esitsha seenkokeli zobupolitika. iya kulawula iYurophu, isizukulwana esingasayi kuba samoyika nakancinane uThixo;
Ukubulala. Xa ukhusela i-euthanasia, amagama amnandi anjengothando, ukufa okunesidima, ukufa okuncediswayo, ukufa okulula, ukufa okulungileyo okanye ukuzikhulula kubomi obungafanelanga ukuphila. Isigama esifanayo sisetyenziswa njengoko amaNazi asetyenziswa kwipropaganda yawo ngeminyaka yee-1930. Noko ke, amatyala angaphambili ngawokubulala umntu. Ngaphezu koko, xa sithetha ngokufa okulungileyo okanye okunesidima, eyona nto kuthethwa ngayo bubomi. Ubomi kwixesha lokugqibela lunokuba luhle okanye lube lubi, kodwa ukufa ngokwako ngumda wawo wonke umntu kwaye kwenzeka ngephanyazo. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ke ngoko kubalulekile, kwaye yile nto esi sicatshulwa silandelayo sibhekisa kuyo. Amabinzana angesetyhula asenza sibe novelwano ngokulula kunamagama angqalileyo.
Ngo-2004, i-British Euthanasia Association yatshintsha igama layo laba sisidima ngokufa. Ngexesha lokubhala, iwebhusayithi yabo iwaphephe ngononophelo amagama anje ngokuthe ngqo njengokuthi "euthanasia", "ukuzibulala" okanye "ukubulala ngenceba". Endaweni yoko, kwasetyenziswa amabinzana angacacanga anjengathi “ukufa okunesidima nokubandezeleka okuncinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka,” “amandla okuzikhethela nokulawula indlela esifa ngayo,” “ukunceda ukufa” nelithi “isigqibo sokuphelisa ukubandezeleka okunganyamezelekiyo” endaweni yoko. Asinguye wonke umntu oqinisekileyo ngale ndlela. Omnye umhlalutyi we<em>Daily Telegraph wathi: “Ithetha into ethile xa intlangano ifanele izibhekise kuyo ngegama elijikelezayo. Ngoku iEuthanasia Society iceba ukuzibiza ngokuba sisidima xa usifa. Ngubani phakathi kwethu ongayi kufuna ukufa ngesidima? bakholelwa ukuba abagqugquzeli be-euthanasia (ngokwenene!) bayoyika ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo into abayiqhubayo, oko kukuthi ukubulala abantu. " (13) Omnye umongikazi onyamekela abantu abagulela ukufa wasabela kwinkcazelo yokunceda ukuzibulala ngebinzana elithi “uncedo lokufa”: “Ababelekisi bancedisa ekubelekeni, yaye abongikazi abanyamekela iintlungu banceda ngonyango olukhethekileyo. Ukunceda akufani nokubulala. kuthi thina ababonelela ngenkathalo yokuphela kobomi.Bubuqhetseba apho ukubulala kuhlanjululwa ukuze kwamkeleke ngakumbi kuluntu ngokubanzi.Ithetha ukuba umntu unokufa kuphela ngesidima xa ebulewe." (14) (15)
Enyanisweni, kwi-euthanasia ngumbuzo wokubulala okanye ukuzibulala. Ayithatheli ngqalelo into yokuba singabantu banaphakade, nokuba siya kugwetywa ngezenzo zethu, nokuba ababulali baya kugwetyelwa ngaphandle kobukumkani bukaThixo. Abanye basenokukuphikisa oko, kodwa banokungqina njani ukuba ezi ndinyana zilandelayo aziyonyani? Kufuneka zithathwe ngokungathí sina kwaye zingajongelwa phantsi:
- ( Marko 7:21-23 ) Kuba ngaphakathi, kuyo intliziyo yabantu, kuphuma izicamango ezingendawo, ukukrexeza, uhenyuzo, ukubulala; 22 ubusela, ukubawa, okungendawo, inkohliso, uburheletya, iliso elibi, ukunyelisa, ukukratsha, ukuswela kuqonda; 23 zonke ezi zinto zingendawo ziphuma ngaphakathi, zimenze inqambi umntu.
- ( 1 Tim 1:9 ) nisazi nje oku, ukuba umthetho lo awuwiselwe lilungisa, uwiselwe abachasi-mthetho nabangevayo, abangahloneli Thixo, nabangaboni, abangengcwele, nabahlambeleyo, nababulali ooyise, ababulali oonina; ngenxa yababulali;
- ( 1 Yohane 3:15 ) Lowo umthiyileyo umzalwana wakhe usisibulala-mntu; niyazi ukuba akukho sibulala-mntu sinobomi bungunaphakade buhleliyo kuso.
- ( ISityhilelo 21:8 ) Kodwa amagwala, nabangakholwayo, nabangamasikizi, nababulali, nabahenyuzi, nabakhafuli, nabakhonzi bezithixo, nawo onke amaxoki, isabelo sawo siya kuba sedikeni elivutha umlilo nesulfure. ukufa kwesibini.
- ( Rev 22:15 ) Ngaphandle ke zizinja, nabakhafuli, nabahenyuzi, nababulali, nabakhonzi bezithixo, nabo bonke ababuthandayo, ababenzayo ubuxoki.
Xa unganyangwa ? Xa kufikwa kunyameko lwabafayo kunye namaxesha okugqibela, kuyathetheleleka ukuphuhlisa ukhathalelo lwabagulela ukufa. Oku kuyavunywa ngokubanzi. Amanyathelo kufuneka athatyathwe ukuze sonke isigulana sifumane ukhathalelo olulungileyo kunye nomntu ngamnye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, nalapho intlungu yabo ithotywa khona. Kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa oku ngoncedo lwamayeza anamhlanje kwaye ukuba kukho abasebenzi abaneleyo abahlengikazi kwaye banesizathu esifanelekileyo. Le ibiyinto eqhelekileyo kunye nenjongo kangangamashumi eminyaka, umz. kubunesi baseFinnish, kunye nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi. Kuthekani ngemeko apho ngokucacileyo umntu sele efile yaye kungekho themba lokuba uya kuchacha? (Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokufa ithatha kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukufa kuye kwaqala xa umntu ebuthathaka ngokukhawuleza kwaye akukho themba lokuchacha kwakhe.) Kule meko, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokuthetheleleka ukumisa ukhathalelo olunzulu, kuba oko ayinanzuzo okanye inokuba yingozi. Akusiyo i-euthanasia, kodwa ukupheliswa konyango olungenamsebenzi. Kuhle ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini. Nangona kunjalo, nakwezi meko, ukhathalelo lunokuthathwa ukunciphisa iimpawu.
Nangona kunjalo, kuza ixesha kubomi besigulana ngasinye apho ukusetyenziswa kweyeza lokunyanga kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kunokulunga kwisigulana. Kule meko, ukunika amandla ukufa okulungileyo kunye nokungenabuhlungu ngoncedo lwe-hospice isiphumo esihle sonyango. Unyango olungeyomfuneko kunye nokwandisa ukufa, kwelinye icala, yimpazamo enkulu yezonyango. Ukuba unyango olungeyomfuneko luyayekwa, asingombandela wokuba ugqirha enze imisebenzi kaThixo. Ukuyeka unyango kwimeko enjalo akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kunokuphepha ukuqala unyango olungeyomfuneko. Ngokwemvelo, ezi zigqibo kufuneka zixoxwe kwiqela lonyango, kwaye izizathu zokuyeka unyango kunye nokuyeka ukuvuswa kufuneka zenziwe zicace kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo. (16)
UJoni Eareckson Tada ucacisa ngakumbi (17):
Ukufa kukatata kwafundisa intsapho yakowethu ukuba ifune ubulumko. Sasinqwenela ukumnceda ubawo wethu ukuba aphile de kube sekupheleni aze afe xa ixesha lifikile. Ukubonelela abalambileyo ukutya kunye namanzi abo banxaniweyo zizinto ezisisiseko zoluntu. Nangona kwakucacile ukuba utata wayesele eza kufa, sasifuna ukumenza azive ekhululekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ubulumko bukaThixo buquka uvelwano nosizi. Ukunyamekela abamelwane ngomnye wemiyalelo engagungqiyo eseBhayibhileni. Oogqirha, nangona kunjalo, baxelele usapho lwam ukuba kwezinye iimeko ukondla kunye nokunika isigulana amanzi, nokuba oko kwenziwa ngomlomo okanye ngeetyhubhu, akunamsebenzi kwaye, ngaphezu koko, kubuhlungu kwisigulana. U-Rita Marker ovela kwikomiti yokusebenza ye-anti-euthanasia yamazwe ngamazwe uthi:
Xa isigulana sisondele kakhulu ekufeni, sinokuba kwimeko yokuba ulwelo lunyuse ukungakhululeki kwabo, kuba umzimba wabo awusakwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Ukutya akusetyi, xa umzimba womntu uqalisa “ukuvala” xa inkqubo yokufa iqalile. Kufike umzuzwana, xa kunokuthiwa umntu uyafa ngenene. (18)
Uluntu olufanelekileyo. Xa kujongwa uluntu olufanelekileyo, ixabiso elikhulu lidla ngokubekwa kwimibandela yemali. Zigxininiswa kakhulu kwaye ixabiso labo alinakujongelwa phantsi. Ukuba uqoqosho lungena kwisimo esibi, lunokuphazamisa ulungelelwano loluntu lonke. Oko kuye kwenzeka izihlandlo eziliqela ukutyhubela imbali. Noko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufikeleleni uluntu olufanelekileyo sisimo sengqondo sangaphakathi sabantu: ngaba bayakhathalelana okanye ngaba intliziyo yabo izaliswe kukuzingca, intiyo nokungabikho kothando? Ngapha koko, iingxaki ezinkulu eluntwini azikho ngokwemali, kodwa zibangelwa sisimo sengqondo esingafanelekanga ngabamelwane bethu: amahlwempu, abagulayo, abakhulileyo, abasemzini, abaneziphene, njl. njl. la kunye namanye amaqela. Kuluntu olufanelekileyo, bonke abantu bayaqwalaselwa kwaye baxatyiswe ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yabo, kodwa ukuhamba ngenye indlela kwenza abantu bazive bengakhululekile. Uluntu lunokuhamba nangayiphi na indlela, kuxhomekeka kwiindlela zokucinga ezizalise iingqondo zabantu. Makhe sijonge iindinyana ezimbalwa ngalo mbandela. Baqhubana ngokusesikweni nangesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kummelwane kabani. Ukuba eli cebiso liyalandelwa ngokubanzi, liya kwandisa impilo-ntle yoluntu ngokubanzi. Ukulandela eminye imithetho kukhokelela kwicala elinye ( Marko 10:19, 20 : Uyayazi imithetho: musa ukukrexeza, musa ukubulala, musa ukuba, musa ukungqina ubuxoki, musa ukulumkisa, beka uyihlo nonyoko. Uphendule ke wathi kuye, Mfundisi, zonke ezo zinto ndazigcina, kwasebuncinaneni bam.
Isimo sengqondo ngabamelwane
- ( Mat 22:35-40 ) Ke kaloku omnye wabo, umqondisi-mthetho, wambuza umbuzo, emlinga, esithi, 36 Mfundisi, owona myalelo mkhulu emthethweni nguwuphi na? 37 Wathi ke uYesu kuye, Uze uyithande iNkosi uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho iphela, nangomphefumlo wakho uphela, nangengqondo yakho iphela. 38 Nguwo lowo owokuqala nomkhulu umthetho. 39 Owesibini ke ufana nawo: Uze umthande ummelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako. 40 Kule mithetho yomibini kuxhomekeke umyalelo uphela nabaprofeti.
- ( Gal 6:2 ) Thwalisanani ubunzima, ukuze nenjenjalo niwuzalise umthetho kaKristu.
Amahlwempu
- ( Marko 14:6, 7 ) Uthe ke uYesu, Myekeni ; yini na ukuba nimhluphe? Undisebenzele umsebenzi omhle. 7 Kuba amahlwempu lawo nihleli ninawo, nize xa sukuba nithanda, nibe nako ukuwenzela okulungileyo; ke mna anihleli ninam.
- ( 1 Yohane 3:17 ) Osukuba ke enayo impilo yeli hlabathi, aze ambone umzalwana wakhe eswele, azivalele iimfesane zakhe kuye, luthini na ukuhlala uthando lukaThixo ngaphakathi kwakhe?
- ( Yakobi 2:1-4, 8, 9 ) Bazalwana bam, musani ukukuphatha ngokukhetha buso bamntu, ukukholwa yiNkosi yethu yozuko, uYesu Kristu. 2 Kuba, xa kuthe kwangena endlwini yenu yesikhungu indoda enemisesane yegolide, inengubo eqaqambileyo; kwaza ke kwangena ihlwempu, lineengubo ezimdaka; 3 naza nakhangela kulowo uvethe ingubo eqaqambileyo, nathi kuye, Hlala apha kakuhle wena; ndithi kwihlwempu, Yima wena phaya, mhlawumbi uhlale phantsi phantsi kwesihlalo seenyawo zam; 4 Anikhethi buso na phakathi kwenu, naba ngabagwebi beengcinga ezimbi? 8 Ukuba niyawuzalisa umthetho wakomkhulu, ngokwesibhalo esithi, Uze umthande ummelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako, nityaphile; 9 kodwa ukuba nikhetha ubuso bomntu, nisebenza isono, niyohlwaywa ngumthetho ngokwabagqithi.
Ubulungisa
- ( Dut 16:19 ) Ize ningasijiki isigwebo; Ize ungakhethi buso, ungamkeli sicengo; kuba isicengo simfamekisa amehlo ezilumko, siphenule intetho yamalungisa.
- ( Prov 17:15 ) Omgwebelayo ongendawo, kwanogwebayo olilungisa , bangamasikizi kuYehova bobabini.
- ( Isaya 61:8 ) Kuba mna, Yehova, ndithanda okusesikweni, ndikuthiyile ukuphanga ngokugqwetha; nomsebenzi wabo ndiya kuwumisela ngenyaniso, ndenze umnqophiso ongunaphakade nabo.
Abasemzini
- ( Lev 19:33,34 ) Umphambukeli, xa athe waphambukela kuni ezweni lenu, ize ningambandezeli; 34 Kuni uya kuba njengozalelwe phakathi kwenu umphambukeli ophambukele kuni, umthande ngoko uzithanda ngako; ngokuba naningabaphambukeli nani ezweni laseYiputa: ndinguYehova, uThixo wenu.
- ( Yer 7:4-7 ) Musani ukukholosa ngamazwi obuxoki, athi, Yitempile kaYehova, yitempile kaYehova, yitempile kaYehova le; 5 Ukuba nithe nazilungisa nizilungisa iindlela zenu nezenzo zenu; xa nithe nakwenza okusesikweni phakathi komntu nommelwane wakhe; 6 ukuba akumcudisi umphambukeli, nenkedama, nomhlolokazi, akwaphalaza igazi elimsulwa kule ndawo, akwalandela thixo bambi, ukuba kube kubi kuwe; 7 ndonibeka kule ndawo, ezweni endalinika ooyihlo, kuse emaphakadeni asemaphakadeni.
Abantu abadala
- ( Lev 19:32 ) Suka ume ebusweni bengwevu, ububeke ubuso bexhego, umoyike uThixo wakho: ndinguYehova.
REFERENCES:
1. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 65 2. Gardner B P et al., Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia. BMJ, 1985, 291: 1620-22 3. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 91 4. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 126,127 5. Päivi Räsänen: Kutsuttu elämään, p. 106 6. Bernard Nathanson: Antakaa minun elää (The Hand of God), p. 130 7. Lääkärin etiikka, 1992, p. 41-42 8. Richard Miniter, ”The Dutch Way of Death”, Opinion Journal (huhtikuu 28, 2001) 9. Marja Rantanen, Olavi Ronkainen: Äänetön huuto, p. 7 10. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 38,39 11. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 12. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 13. http://telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3622559/Euthanasias-euphemism.html 14. Quote from article: Finlay, I.G. et.al., Palliative Medicine, 19:444-453 15. John Wyatt: Elämän & kuoleman kysymyksiä (Matters of Life and Death), p. 204,205 16. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 92 17. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 151,152 18. Rita L. Marker: New Covenant, January 1991
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Izigidi zeminyaka / iidinosaur /
ngendaleko yabantu? |
