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This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
Inkqubo yeTV "iDinosaur Apocalypse"
Funda indlela inkqubo kamabonwakude yehlabathi ebhekisela ngayo kwitsunami enkulu eyenzeka ngokutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaurs, nto leyo ngokucacileyo enguMkhukula okhankanywe eBhayibhileni.
Ndenzekile ukuba ndibone inkqubo enamacandelo amabini kwiTV ebizwa ngokuba yiDinosaur Apocalypse (Dinosaur Apocalypset., BBC/PBS/France Télévisions, Iso-Britannia, 2022.). Yazisa inkolelo eqhelekileyo yokuba iidinosaurs zafa ekutshabalaleni malunga ne-65 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo ekupheleni kwexesha elibizwa ngokuba yiCretaceous period. Isizathu soku siye sacetyiswa ukuba yi-asteroid eyabetha umhlaba kwaye yabangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaur. Ukhumbule ntoni ngale nkqubo? Ndiyavuma ukuba iidinosaurs, njengobunye ubomi, zijongene nentshabalalo, kodwa ukuthandana kunye nesizathu sokutshatyalaliswa kunokungavumelani. Okokuqala, ubukho beedinosaurs emhlabeni. Ngaba ngokwenene babephila kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ezigidi eyadlulayo? Andizukuxoxa ngesi sihloko ngakumbi apha njengoko ndisigubungele kwezinye iincwadi zam. Ndiza kuchaza kuphela ukuba iifosili zedayinaso azinaphawu okanye iithegi ezaziphila ngelo xesha. Endaweni yoko, izicubu ezithambileyo, i-radiocarbon, i-DNA, kunye neeseli zegazi ezifunyenwe kwiifosili zicebisa ngamandla ukuba kuninzi kumawaka ambalwa eminyaka ukusukela ubukho bazo emhlabeni. Ezi zinto zikwiifosili zibubungqina bokuphela kwazo kutshanje, kungekhona ukubhanga okwenzeka kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukongeza, abaphandi baya kwenza kakuhle ukuba bathathele ingqalelo into yokuba amabali amaninzi emveli aye abhekisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiidragons, ezifana kakhulu needinosaurs. njengoko esi sicatshulwa silandelayo sibonisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo lo ngumbuzo wezilwanyana ezatshabalalayo, ubukho bawo obunokungqinwa ngabantu bamandulo kwiminyaka nje embalwa eyadlulayo. Igama elithi dinosaur alizange liyilwe de kwangoo-1800 nguRichard Owen.
Iidragons kwiintsomi, ngokumangalisayo ngokwaneleyo, zifana nezilwanyana zokwenyani ezaziphila kwixesha elidlulileyo. Zifana nezirhubuluzi ezikhulu (iidinosaurs) ezazilawula umhlaba kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu abekho. Iidragons ngokuqhelekileyo zazigqalwa njengezibi neziyingozi. Isizwe ngasinye sasibhekisela kubo kwiintsomi zabo. ( The World Book Encyclopedia, Umqu. 5, 1973, iphe. 265)
Kuthekani ngonobangela wokuphela kweedayinaso? Unobangela wokutshatyalaliswa wachazwa kucwangciso njengeasteroid eyantlitha umhlaba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ezigidi eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, kule nkqubo kwavunywa ukuba "akukho mntu ufumene ifosili yedayinaso ukubonisa ukuba bafile ngenxa yontlitheko". Ngamanye amazwi, i-asteroid ewela emhlabeni yingcaciso engafanelekanga yokuphela kweedinosaurs. Endaweni yoko, inkqubo yeza nengcaciso esengqiqweni ngakumbi yokutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaur: amanzi. Kwaxelwa kwaye kwakhuliswa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwiprogram ukuba i-tsunami enkulu yayiza kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaurs kwindawo yaseHell Creek. Nazi ezinye izicatshulwa ezisuka kwinkqubo:
Nantsi imeko yamanzi acwengileyo yokwakheka kwe-Hell Creek. Ishadi, elibengezelayo kwimithunzi ye-neon ebomvu neluhlaza, liphuma kwiqokobhe lesilwanyana saselwandle esimile okwe-spiral, i-ammonite. Esi silwanyana saselwandle singene kwindawo enamanzi acwengileyo apho ingekhoyo. Indlela ii-ammonites ezaphelela ngayo apha ingumnqa.
Uluhlu lwamatye ke ngoko lunemingxuma kwaye lumalunga nemitha ubukhulu. Loo nto kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zibonisa isiganeko esingaqhelekanga ngokoluvo lukaRobert. Mhlawumbi umkhukula okanye udaka lwenzeka apha, olwangcwaba yonke into phantsi kwayo ngephanyazo.
Okukhona singcwatywa ngokukhawuleza isilwanyana, okanye ukuba ukungcwatywa kwaso kungunobangela wokufa kwaso, kokukhona kuvela iimeko ezilunge ngakumbi zokwakhiwa kwamathambo. … Iipesenti ezingama-99.9 zezilwanyana azidli ngamathambo
Indlela yokuvelisa iipterosaurs yaba yimpumelelo ngokucacileyo. Icebisa ukuba ubomi babuqhelekile de impembelelo yeasteroid yatshintsha yonke into ngendlela eyoyikekayo.
Ngaba ezi zilwanyana zahamba elwandle? Babeza kusela kwithambeka elithambileyo. Inani leefosili ezafunyanwa nguRobert licebisa ukuba nasekupheleni kwexesha leCretaceous, uTanis wayenyakazela bubomi.
Iqela likaRobert lilandela umxokelelwane onomtsalane wokukhokela. Intlupheko yokuqala ngamathambo eentlanzi eziye zabhanga ngobuninzi.
Nantsi inkuni. Ngokuchasene nayo, izidumbu zeentlanzi ziye zakhanywa ngokuqinileyo.
Nazi iifosili apha naphaya. Nantsi enye kwaye ecaleni kwayo enye i-sturgeon ijonge ngale ndlela. Ngaphantsi kwe-sturgeon echibini kukho enye i-sturgeon. Umzimba wayo ungena phantsi kwesiqu somthi uze ubonakale kwelinye icala. Uluhlu lwamatye ke ngoko lunemingxuma kwaye lumalunga nemitha ubukhulu. Loo nto kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zibonisa isiganeko esingaqhelekanga ngokoluvo lukaRobert. Mhlawumbi umkhukula okanye udaka lwenzeka apha, olwangcwaba yonke into phantsi kwayo ngephanyazo.
Ngokutsho kwengcamango kaRobert, intlanzi ebanjwe kwi-backlog yemithi yomthi kwaye ijikelezwe ngamacandelo yafa emva kokuba ibanjwe kuhlobo oluthile lomkhukula kwaye yangcwatywa ngokukhawuleza kwi-sediment. Yiyo loo nto ziye zalondolozwa kakuhle. Yintoni eyabangela amaza olwandle? Ngokutsho kolunye uqikelelo, iasteroid eyantlitha ulwandle yabangela itsunami. Ngoku sithetha ngohlobo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo lwetsunami. Yayiphakame kakhulu kwaye inkulu kunetsunami zanamhlanje. ... Ubude bayo babuyikhilomitha ubuncinane.
Ngaba itsunami ibangele ukucwangciswa okubonwe eTanis?
Ndicinga ukuba abaphandi kwiinkqubo babesendleleni efanelekileyo. Amanzi ngokwenene ayebandakanyekile ekutshatyalalisweni kweedinosaur. Oku kwakungeyomeko kuphela kwindawo ye-Hell Creek, eyayigutyungelwe kwiprogram, kodwa kuyo yonke enye indawo. IHell Creek yenye yeendawo apho iidinosaur zafunyanwa khona, njengoko iintsalela zezi zilwanyana ziye zafunyanwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Enyanisweni, amathambo ezi zilwanyana, njengamathambo ezinye izilwanyana, ebengayi kubakho nokuba udaka aluzange luqale lugqibe ngokukhawuleza ezi zilwanyana eludakeni. Leyo kuphela kwendlela yokuchaza imvelaphi yazo zonke iifosili, ekungafane zibonwe nanamhlanje ukuyilwa kwazo. Kwinkqubo kuye kwavunywa ukuba ukwenziwa kweefosili sisiganeko esinqabileyo: ”Okukhona singcwatywa ngokukhawuleza isilwanyana, okanye ukuba ukungcwatywa kwaso kungunobangela wokufa kwaso, kokukhona kuvela iimeko ezilunge ngakumbi zokwakhiwa kwamathambo. … I-99.9% yezilwanyana azidli iifosili.” Okwesibini, inkqubo yathi izilwanyana zaselwandle ezifana ne-ammonites kunye neentlanzi zifunyenwe kuluhlu olufanayo lwemithi kunye needinosaurs. Inokwenzeka njani loo nto? Kwenzeka njani ukuba izilwanyana zaselwandle, izilwanyana zasemhlabeni kunye nemithi zibe kunye kwindawo enye? Ekuphela kwengcaciso kukuba yitsunami enkulu ebangele le nto, njengoko kubonisiwe kucwangciso. Inkqubo yade yatsho malunga nobukhulu be-tsunami ukuba "ukuphakama kwayo bekuyikhilomitha ubuncinane." Ndifuna ukuthini ngale yangaphambili? Ukuba sithetha ngetsunami enkulu, kutheni singenakuthetha ngokungqalileyo ngoMkhukula ekuthethwa ngawo eBhayibhileni njengobangela intshabalalo? Sesona sizathu sinokwenzeka sokutshatyalaliswa kweedinosaur zombini kunye nezinye iintlobo. Le ngongoma ifanele ukuqwalaselwa, kuba amakhulu aliqela eengxelo zezandyondyo zangaphambili zifunyenwe, njengoko ezi ngcaphulo zilandelayo zibonisa:
Malunga neenkcubeko ezingama-500 - kuquka abantu bomthonyama baseGrisi, eTshayina, ePeru naseMntla Merika - zaziwa ehlabathini apho iintsomi neentsomi zichaza ibali elichukumisayo lomkhukula omkhulu owatshintsha imbali yesizwe. Kumabali amaninzi, bambalwa abantu abasindayo kumkhukula, kanye njengakwimeko kaNowa. Izizwana ezininzi zaziwugqala lo mkhukula njengobangelwa ngoothixo abathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, bakruquka ngabantu. Mhlawumbi abantu babenganyanisekanga, njengakumaxesha kaNowa nakwintsomi yesizwe samaHopi amaMerika Omthonyama kuMntla Merika, okanye mhlawumbi babebaninzi gqitha abantu ababenengxolo, njengakwingoma kaGilgamesh. (Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, iphe. 78)
ULenormant uthi kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Ukuqala kweMbali": "Sinethuba lokubonisa ukuba ibali loNogumbe lisiko lendalo yonke kuwo onke amasebe oluntu, kwaye isithethe esinjalo nesifanayo esinjalo asinakugqalwa njengentsomi eqikelelwayo. Imele ibe yinkumbulo yenyani neyokwenene neyiyo. Isiganeko esoyikekayo, isiganeko esaba nempembelelo enamandla kwiingqondo zabazali bokuqala bentsapho yoluntu kangangokuba kwanenzala yabo yayingenakuze isilibale.” ( Toivo Seljavaara: Oliko vedenpaisumus ja Nooan arkki mahdollinen?, iphe. 5)
Abantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo banamabali ahlukeneyo angelifa lentlekele enkulu. AmaGrike aye abalisa ibali elingoMkhukula, yaye lisekelwe kumlinganiswa ogama linguDeukayon; kwakude kudala ngaphambi kukaColumbus, abemi bomthonyama belizwekazi laseMerika babenamabali awayeyigcine iphila inkumbulo yomkhukula omkhulu. Amabali angomkhukula aye adluliswa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana de kube namhlanje eOstreliya, eIndiya, ePolynesia, eTibet, eKašmir naseLithuania. Ngaba zonke zingamabali nje namabali? Ngaba zonke zenziwe? Kuqikelelwa ukuba zonke zichaza intlekele enye enkulu. (Werner Keller: Raamattu on oikeassa, iphe. 29)
Esinye isizathu yintsalela yezilwanyana zaselwandle nezityalo ezikwiintaba eziphakamileyo, kuquka i-Himalaya Mount Everest nezinye iintaba eziphakamileyo. Nazi ezinye iingcaphulo ezivela kwiincwadi zezazinzulu ngalo mbandela:
Ngelixa wayehamba ngeBeagle Darwin ngokwakhe wafumana oonokrwece bamandulo bezilwanyana zaselwandle ukusuka phezulu kwiiNtaba zeAndean. Ibonisa ukuba, into ngoku eyintaba yayikhe yaphantsi kwamanzi. (Jerry A. Coyne: Miksi evoluutio on totta [Kutheni indaleko iyinyaniso], iphe. 127)
Kukho isizathu sokujonga ngokusondeleyo kwindalo yokuqala yamatye kwiintaba. Ibonakala kakhulu kwiiAlps, kwi-lime Alps esemantla, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Helvetian zone. I-Limestone yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yamatye. Xa sijonga ilitye elilapha kumathambeka okanye encotsheni yentaba – ukuba besinamandla okunyuka sinyukele phaya – ekugqibeleni siya kufumana iintsalela zezilwanyana, iifosili zezilwanyana, kuzo. Zihlala zonakaliswe kakhulu kodwa kunokwenzeka ukufumana iziqwenga ezibonakalayo. Onke loo mathambo ngamaqokobhe ekalika okanye amathambo ezidalwa zaselwandle. Phakathi kwazo kukho iiammonies ezinemisonto espiral, kwaye ngakumbi iiclams ezinamaqokobhe amabini. (…) Umfundi usenokuzibuza kweli nqanaba ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba udederhu lweentaba lugcina intlenga engaka, enokufunyanwa ibekwe emazantsi elwandle. (iphe. 236,237 "Muuttuva maa", Pentti Eskola)
UHarutaka Sakai osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseJapan eKyushu iminyaka emininzi waphanda ngezi ntsalela zaselwandle kwiiNtaba zeHimalaya. Yena kunye neqela lakhe badwelise i-aquarium yonke ukusuka kwixesha le-Mesozoic. Iinyibiba zolwandle ezibuthathaka, izalamane kwiiurchins zaselwandle zangoku kunye nestarfishes, zifumaneka kwiindonga zamatye ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezintathu ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ii-Amon, ii-belemnites, iikorale kunye neeplankton zifunyanwa njengeefosili kumatye eentaba (...) Kumphakamo weekhilomitha ezimbini, izazi ngokuma komhlaba zafumana umkhondo owawushiywe lulwandle ngokwalo. Umphezulu welitye elifana namaza uhambelana neefom ezihlala entlabathini ukusuka kumaza aphantsi kwamanzi. Kwanakwincopho ye-Everest, kufunyanwa imicu etyheli yekalika, eyavela ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwiintsalela zezilwanyana zaselwandle ezingenakubalwa. ("Maapallo ihmeiden planetta", iphe. 55)
Sisiphi isigqibo esinokufikelela kuso ngokusuka koku kungasentla? Akunamsebenzi ukuthetha ngezigidi zeminyaka, kuba amathambo edayinaso ngokwawo awayingqineli into enjalo. Izihlunu ezithambileyo, iradiocarbon, iDNA kunye neeseli zegazi ezikuzo zalatha ngokucacileyo kwixesha elifutshane kuphela. Kunoko, ezi zilwanyana ngokuyintloko zafa ngoMkhukula okhankanywe eBhayibhileni, nangona zazisaphila emva kwesi siganeko. Oku kungqinwa yimifanekiso yeedragons phakathi kwezizwe ezininzi. Mininzi eminye imizekelo enokuphakanyiswa kule ngongoma, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba imizekelo yangaphambili ibonisa ukuba ingcaciso yeBhayibhile yonogumbe yimbali yokwenene, kodwa izigidi zeminyaka ziyintelekelelo. Iingcamango zabantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo ngemvelaphi yendalo iphela nesiqalo sobomi ziyinxalenye yentelekelelo efanayo, ekubeni kungekho zidalwa zasesibhakabhakeni zinokuzivelela ngokwazo, yaye ubomi abunakuzivelela. Abukho ubungqina obunye kwezi zinto, eziye zavuma nezazinzulu ezininzi ezingakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo. Ndibhale ngale miba kumanqaku am aliqela, kwaye akwaqulethe nezimvo ezinyanisekileyo zezazinzulu ezingakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo. Ndinqwenela ukuba wonke umntu azijongisise ezi zinto. Nam ndandikade ndingumntu ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo owayekholelwa kwiingcamango zokungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo nakwizigidi zeminyaka. Ngoku ndibagqala njengeentsomi, ubuxoki neentsomi.
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Izigidi zeminyaka / iidinosaur /
ngendaleko yabantu? |
