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Kristianna leh science lam

Kristian rinna hi science daltu a ni em, a chawisang em? Evidence chu chhiar la!

He thuziak thupui ber chu Kristian rinna leh science a ni. Engtin nge Kristian rinnain science leh a hmasawnna a nghawng? Science hmasawnna daltu a ni em, a tipung em? He thu hi khawvêl media leh Pathian awm ring lo scientist-te thuziak hmang chauha zir chian a nih chuan rinna leh science inkâra inhnialna chungchânga ngaih dân lar tak an rawn chhuah fo ṭhîn. Pathian rinna leh science hi a inkalh tlat a, Kristian rinna hi science hmasawnna daltu a ni tawh niin an ngai. He ngaihdanah hian science hi Greece ramah hian thiltithei tak niin an ngai a, Enlightenment hunlai khan thupuan sakhaw a\anga a in\hen a, ngaihtuahna leh thil thlir danah a innghat tan chauh a ni. A bik takin Darwin-a pawimawhna hi scientific worldview-in hnehna hnuhnung ber a chan theih nan a pawimawh hle nia ngaih a ni.

    Mahse, thudik tak chu eng nge ni? Kristian rinna bulpui ber chu science leh doing science a ni ngai lo va, Pathian leh Isua Krista awmna rinna a ni a, chu mi hmang chuan mi tinte chu an sual ngaihdam theih a ni. Mahse, Kristian rinna hian science leh khawtlang hmasawnna a nghawng lo tihna erawh a ni lo. Chumi kalh zawngin, Isua pawimawhna leh Kristian rinna chu science pian leh hmasawnna atan thutlukna siamtu a ni. He ngaihdan hi point engemaw zat atanga chhut a ni a, chungte chu a hnuaia mi ang hian kan la thlir dawn a ni. Ṭawng leh ziak leh chhiar thiamna aṭangin kan ṭan a.

Ziak leh chhiar thiamna: dictionary, grammar, alphabet. Pakhatnaah chuan lehkhabu tawng leh ziak leh chhiar thiamna lo piang chhuak. Hnam pakhatin mahni literature tawng a neih loh a, miten lehkha an chhiar thiam lo a nih chuan science, research, thil siam chhuah pian chhuahna leh hriatna darh zau zelna daltu a ni tih hi mi zawng zawngin kan hrethiam a ni. Tichuan lehkhabu a awm lova, i chhiar thiam lova, hriatna pawh a darh lo. Khawtlang nun chu a ding reng a ni.

   Chuti a nih chuan, engtin nge Kristian rinna chuan literature ṭawng leh ziak leh chhiar thiamna siamnaah nghawng a neih? Hei hi zirchiangtu tam takin mitdelna hmun a ni. Literature ṭawng zawng zawng deuhthaw hi Kristian Pathian ngaihsak tak takte siam a ni tih an hre lo. Entirnan, hetah Finland ramah hian Finland sakhaw siam\hattu leh thu leh hla lama pa, Mikael Agricola-a chuan ABC lehkhabu hmasa ber leh Thuthlung Thar leh Bible bu dang \henkhat chu a print chhuak a. Mipui chuan anmahni kaltlangin lehkha chhiar an zir a.

    Germany ramah pawh Martti Luther-i pawhin chutiang bawk chuan a ti ve bawk. Bible chu German tawngin a tawng ngeiin a letling a. A lehlinna chu edition za tam tak siam a ni a, Luther-a hman ṭawngkam chu German-ho zingah literature ṭawng anga din a ni ta a ni.

    England ram chu engtin nge ni ang? Chumi kawngah chuan Bible lehlintu William Tyndale-a chuan hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni. Tyndale-a lehlinna hian tunlai English tawng lo pian chhuahnaah nghawng a nei a ni. Tyndale-a lehlin behchhanin King James lehlin chu a hnuah siam a ni a, chu chu English lehlin lar ber a ni.

   Entirna pakhat chu Slavic hnamte letters, Cyrillic alphabet tia koh hi a ni. Slav-ho zinga missionary hna thawk, Alphabet an neih lohzia a hriat chhuah St. Cyril-a hming chawia an vuah a ni. Cyril-a chuan Isua chanchin Chanchin |ha an chhiar theih nan alphabet a siamsak a.

   Chhiar thiamna a lo pian hma chuan ziak \awng chu a awm ngei ngei tur a ni. Hemi kawngah hian Kristian missionary-te hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang a, kum zabi tam tak kal ta khan khawthlang ramah chauh ni lovin, a hnu lama Africa leh Asia ramah pawh hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni. Missionary-te hian kum tam tak linguistic research lamah hna an thawk tawh mai thei. Grammar, dictionary leh alphabet hmasa berte an siam a.

   Chutiang mi pakhat chu Methodist missionary Frank Laubach-a a ni a, ani hian khawvel pum huapa ziak leh chhiar thiamna beihpui a thlak tan a. Ṭawng 313-a ABC-book siam chhuahnaah nghawng a nei a ni. Lehkha thiam lote tirhkoh atan ruat a ni tawh.

    A hnuaia entîrnate hian chutiang bawk chu a sawi a, chu chu ṭawngte hmasawnna a ni. India ram ṭawngpui ber Hindi, Pakistan rama Urdu, Bangladesh rama Bengali ang chi ṭawngte pawhin Kristian mission aṭanga an grammar leh linguistic basis an neih hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. Mi maktaduai za tam takin heng tawngte hi an hmang a, an hmang bawk.

Vishal Mangalwadi: Kashi atanga kilometer 80 vel zeta hla Allahabad-a Hindu tawng chhungril takah ka seilian a, chutah chuan Tulsidas-a chuan Ramcharitmanasin , India hmar lam sakhaw lama epic langsar ber a ziak a ni . Hindi hi he epic ropui tak atanga lo chhuak a ni tih min hrilh fo thin. Mahse ka chhiar chuan ka buai ta a, a chhan chu a atanga thumal pakhat mah ka hrethiam thei lo. A ziaktu “Hindi” chu keimah nen chuan a danglam vek a, zawhna ka siam tan ta a, ka pi leh pute tawng – India ram official national language – chu khawi atanga lo chhuak nge tih hi.

... Hindu mithiamte pawhin India hnam tawng, Hindi chu an siam chhuak lo. Bible letlingtu John Borthwick Gilchrist leh missionary linguist Rev. SHKellogg-a te vangin tuna Hindi literary language hi hla phuahtu Tulsidas (c. 1532-1623)-a hman \awng a\anga lo chhuak a ni.

... Bible letlingtute leh missionary-te hian ka pianpui tawng Hindi aiin an pe tam zawk. India rama literary language nung zawng zawng hian an hnathawh hi an hriatpui vek a ni. Kum 2005 khan Mumbai atanga zirchiangtu, mahse Malayalam tawng hmang thiam Dr. Babu Verghese chuan Nagpur University-ah doctoral dissertation phek 700 zeta sei chu enfiah turin a thehlut a. Bible letlingtute chuan tûn laia literature ṭawng 73-te chu India mi lehkha thiam lo tam zâwkte ṭawngkam a\angin an siam tih a târ lang a ni. Chung zingah chuan India (Hindi), Pakistan (Urdu) leh Bangladesh (Bengali) official national language te pawh a tel a ni. Bramine scholar panga chuan Verghes-a doctoral dissertation chu an zir chiang a, kum 2008 khan Doctor of Philosophy title an hlan a, chutih rual chuan, lungrual takin, dissertation hi tihchhuah a nih hnuah, Indian tawng zirna atana zirlaibu atana hman ngei ngei tur anga pawm turin an rawt a ni. (1) .

Kristian missionary hna hi mite tanpuina kawng zau tak a ni fo thin a, chuvangin damlo, rualbanlo, riltam, chenna nei lo leh inthliarna nei te tanpui turin a kut a phar a ni. Africa ram tam takah Kristian mission-te chuan zirna bulpui leh hnathawhna lama zirna kawngah sikul kalphung zawng zawng lungphum an siam a ni. Chutiang bawkin, he mission hian health care network dinna kawngah nasa takin a thawhhlawk hle a ni... African researcher lar tak, Yale University professor Lamin Sanneh chuan Africa ramah chuan missionary-te hian tualchhung nunphungte tana rawngbawlna ropui ber an thawk a, ziak tawng bulpui an siam a ni, tiin a sawi. (2) .

Literacy project leh literature hrang hrang te. Sawi tawh angin, ṭawng tam zawk hian an grammar leh literary basis chu Kristian rinna nghawng a\angin an dawng a ni. Pathian awm ring lo leh state-te hi he hmasawnna bul tantu an ni lo va, Kristian rinna aiawhtu an ni. Pathian leh Isua rinna tel lo chuan khawtlang hmasawnna hi kum zabi tam tak chhung a tlai thei a ni.

    He area hian Europe leh khawvel hmun dangah literacy project hrang hrang a huam a ni. An hmang hian miten Bible leh thu leh hla dang chhiar an zir a, thil thar an zir bawk. Lehkha thiam lo i nih chuan mi dangin an lo ziah tawh thil thar zir chu thil harsa tak a ni.

    Kristian rinnain missionary hna hmanga field a hneh tawh hian hnam tam takte khawtlang dinhmun leh dinhmun pawh a titha hle a ni. Chutiang thil chu hriselna dinhmun tha zawk, economy tha zawk, khawtlang dinhmun nghet zawk, eirukna leh naupang thihna hniam zawk leh, a nihna takah chuan ziak leh chhiar thiamna tha zawk a ni. Mission hna leh Kristian rinna awm lo se chuan khawvelah hian hrehawmna leh retheihna a tam zawk ang a, miten lehkha chhiar an thiam lo ang. Mi dangte zingah University of Texas-a assistant professor Robert Woodberry-a chuan missionary hnathawh leh democracy inzawmna, mite dinhmun ṭha zawk leh ziak leh chhiar thiamna a lo hmuchhuak a:

Scientist: Mission hna thawh hian democracy a tichhuak a

Texas University-a assistant professor Robert Woodberry-a sawi dan chuan, kum 1800 chho leh kum 1900 chho tir lama Protestant-te missionary hnathawhnain democracy hmasawnna a nghawng dan chu a tir lama ngaihtuah aiin a langsar zawk a ni. Democracy tihhmasawn kawngah hian chanvo tlemte nei lovin, Africa leh Asia ram tam takah missionary-te hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni. Christianity Today magazine-in hemi chungchang hi a sawi a.

Robert Woodberry hian missionary hnathawh leh democracy nghawngtu thilte inzawmna chu kum 15 dawn lai a zirchiang tawh a ni. A sawi dan chuan chutah chuan Protestant missionary-te’n central influence an neihna hmun a ni. Chutah chuan tunlai hian economy a lo thang chak zawk a, hriselna dinhmun pawh a tha zawk hle a, missionary-te nghawng a tlem zawk emaw, a awm lo emaw a ni. Missionary history hluarna hmunah te hian tun dinhmunah naupang thihna rate a hniam a, eirukna a tlem a, ziak leh chhiar thiam a tam zawk a, zirna lama luh a awlsam zawk a, a bik takin hmeichhiate tan a awlsam hle.

   Robert Woodberry-a sawi dan chuan a bik takin Protestant harhna Kristiante hian nghawng \ha tak a nei a ni. Chumi nêna inkalh takin, kum 1960 hma lama state-a thawk puithiam emaw, Catholic missionary-te emaw chuan chutiang chuan nghawng an nei lo. (3) .

Kristian rinnain ziak leh chhiar thiamna leh literature a nghawng dan entîrna ṭha tak pakhat chu kum 1900 vêlah chauh khawvêl thu leh hla chuan thlarau lam thu leh hla hralhna lamah a tluk phah a ni. Bible leh a zirtirnate hi kum zabi tam tak chhung chu hmun pawimawh takah a ding a, kum zabi kaltaah khan khawthlang ramteah a pawimawhna a hloh nasa hle. Kum zabi 20-na vela Kristian rinna an kalsan lai vek khan history-a indona lian ber berte pawh an lo indo ta hi thil thleng mai mai a ni em?

    Entirna dang chu England hi a ni a, kum zabi 18-na leh 19-naah khan khawvela ram changkang ber a ni. Mahse England hmasawnna tha tak hnuaiah eng nge awm? Thil pakhat chu miten Pathian lam an hawina thlarau lam harhna a ni ngei ang. Chumi avang chuan thil \ha tam tak a lo thleng a, chu chu ziak leh chhiar thiamna te, saltanna tihbo te, mi rethei leh hnathawktute dinhmun siam\hatna te hi a ni.

   Methodist movement thuhriltu pawimawh ber nia hriat, kum zabi 18-naa England ramah harhna ropui tak tak lo thlengtu John Wesley-a chuan nasa takin he hmasawnna hi a nghawng a ni. A hnathawh hmang hian England chu France rama revolution ang chiah kha a chhanchhuak niin an sawi. Mahse, Wesley-a leh a thawhpuiten English mite tana literature hmuh theih a nih theih nan an thawhhlawk hle bawk. Encyclopedia Britannica chuan Wesley-a chungchang hi hemi chungchangah hian "kum zabi 18-naah khan midang tumahin lehkhabu tha chhiar tihhmasawn nan hetiang thil hi an ti lo va, hetiang zat man tlawm takin mipui kutah lehkhabu tam tak an rawn keng tel lo" tiin a sawi.

    England ramah pawh harhna avang hian kum zabi 18-naah Sunday school hna pawh a lo piang ta a ni. Kum 1830 vel khan England rama naupang maktaduai 1.25 zinga hmun li a\anga hmun khat velin Sunday school an kal a, chutah chuan lehkha chhiar leh ziak an zir a. England ram chu Pathian Thu hmanga zirtîr lehkha thiam pawl a lo ni chho ta a; state chuan a nghawng lo.

    United States chu engtin nge ni ang? A hnuaia quote hian hei hi a kawk a ni. John Dewey (1859-1952)-a sawi a ni a, ani ngei pawhin United States-a zirna secularization-ah nasa takin nghawng a nei a ni. Mahse, Kristian rinnain eg-a mipui zirna leh a rama saltanna tihbo danah nghawng \ha tak a neih dan a sawifiah a:

Heng mite (evangelical Kristian) te hi khawtlang tana thilpek (social philanthropy) te, khawtlang nun siamthat tumna political activity te, pacifism leh mipui zirtirna (public education) te hnungzang an ni. Anni hian sum leh pai lama harsatna tawkte leh hnam dangte chungah ngilneihna an lantir a, an lantir a, a bik takin republican sorkar kalphung an ngaihvenna tlemte pawh an lantir hian - - Mipui zinga he pawl hian anmahni ngaihdan intluktlanna a\angin dik taka enkawl leh chanvo inang tlang zawk sem chhuah an phutna chu a \ha zawngin an chhang let a ni. Saltanna tihbo kawngah Lincoln-a hnung a zui a, Roosevelt-a ngaihdan nen a inmil a, chu chu corporation "sual" leh mi tlemte kuta hausakna khawlkhawmte a dem lai khan a ni. (4) .

University hrang hrangah te. Hemi hma hian kum zabi kalta leh tunlai hunah pawh Kristian rinnain ziak ṭawng leh ziak leh chhiar thiamna siamnaah nghawng a neih dan sawi a ni. Entirnan, Africa ramteah chuan zirna bul leh hnathawhna lama sikul kalphung bulpui ber chu Kristian mission-te nghawng a\anga lo piang a ni a, chutiang bawkin hriselna lam pawh a lo piang ve bawk. Kristian rinnain nghawng a neih loh chuan khawtlang hmasawnna hi kum zabi tam tak chhung a tlai thei a ni.

   Hmun pakhat chu university leh sikul te a ni. Literacy bakah hian science hmasawnna, research, thil siam chhuah pianna leh information thehdarhna atan an pawimawh hle. An kaltlangin hriatna leh zirchianna chu dinhmun tharah a kal chho zel a ni.

   Engtin nge Kristian rinnain he bial hi a nghawng? Secularist leh Pathian awm ring lo pawlte hian hemi kawngah hian Bible leh Kristian rinna hian hmun pawimawh tak a chang tih an hre lo fo thin. University za tam tak leh sikul sâng tam tak chu Kristian Pathian ngaihsak tak takte’n emaw, missionary hna thawkin emaw an din tawh a ni. Pathian awm ring lo (atheist basis)-a piang an ni lo, a chhan chu secular leh state enkawl university a awm loh vang a ni. Entirnan, England leh America ramah hian a hnuaia university te hi hriat hlawh tak an ni:

- Oxford leh Cambridge-ah te a awm. Khawpui pahnihah hian biak in leh chapel tam tak a awm a. Heng university te hi a tirah chuan Bible zirtirna atana din a ni.

- Harvard atanga lo chhuak a ni. He university hi Reverend John Harvard hming chawia sak a ni. Kum 1692 atanga a thupui chu Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae (Krista leh Kohhran tana thutak) tih a ni.

- Yale University hi Harvard zirlai hlui, Puritan puithiam Cotton Mather-a din a ni.

- Princeton University (a tir chuan College of New Jersey) president hmasa ber chu Jonathan Edwards a ni a, ani hi kum zabi 18-na laia America rama harhna ropui tak thlenga hriat lar a ni. He harhna thuhriltu lar ber a ni a, George Whitefield-a te nen.

- Pennsylvania University-ah a awm a. Great Awakening hruaitu dang George Whitefield chuan he sikul hi a din a, a hnuah University of Pennsylvania-ah a lo chang ta a ni. Whitefield hi pub-keeper fapa a ni a, a hmaa kan sawi tak John Wesley-a England-a a awm lai khan a thawhpui a ni. Aw danglam tak, mawi tak, ri nasa tak leh chak tak a nei a, chuvang chuan pawn lama inkhawmnaah mi sang tam tak hnenah hriat theihin thu a sawi thei a ni. Pathianin mite chunga a khawngaihna a pek avangin mittui tla chungin thu a hril thei bawk

   India ram chu engtin nge ni ang? India ram hi Kristianna avanga hriat lar a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, he ramah hian Africa ram ang bawkin Kristian rinna atanga lo piang sikul sang tam tak a awm a. India rama university hmasa berte pawh chutiang bawka piang an ni. University hrang hrang, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay leh Serampore university te hi hriat hlawh tak a ni. Tin, kum 1887-a din University of Allahabad pawh hi mi hriat hlawh tak a ni. India Prime Minister hmasa pasarih zinga panga chu he khawpui atanga lo piang an ni a, India administration tam tak chuan University of Allahabad-ah an zir tawh bawk.

Science lama inthlak danglamna a ni. He thuziak hi Pathian awm ring lote duhzawng ngaihdan a\angin a in\an a, Kristian rinna chu science hmasawnna daltu a ni tih a ni. Mahse, he ngaihdan hi zawhna siam a awlsam hle a, a chhan chu literature ṭawng, ziak leh chhiar thiamna leh university-te hi a tam zawk chu Kristian rinna thununna aṭanga lo piang an nih vang a ni.

    Science revolution an tih hi engtin nge ni ang? Secularist leh Pathian awm ring lo pawlah chuan he buaina hian Kristian rinna nen hian inzawmna a nei lo niin an sawi fo thin a, mahse he ngaihdan hi zawhna siam theih a ni. A chhan chu tunlai ngaihdanah chuan science hi vawi khat chauh a intan a, chu chu kum zabi 16-18-na Europe-ah, Kristian theism a lalna hmunah a ni. Secularist society-ah a intan lo va, a bik takin Kristian rinna atanga infuih society-ah a intan a ni. Scientist lar zawng zawng deuhthaw chuan thil siam hi an ring vek a. Chung zingah chuan Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Blaise Pascal, Michael Faraday, James Clerck Maxwell, John Ray, Louis Pasteur, etc. Enlightenment aiawh ni lovin Kristian theism aiawhtu an ni.

Historian leh sociologist thlah kal zelte chuan Kristiante, Kristian rinna leh Kristian institution-te hian a tawpah tunlai natural science lo piang chhuaktu thurin, kalphung leh kalphung siam chhuahnaah kawng hrang hrangin an thawhhlawk tih an hmuchhuak(...) A nghawng chungchangah ngaihdan hrang hrang awm mah se, tunlai historian zawng zawng deuhthaw hian Kristianna (Catholicism leh Protestantism pawh a inang lo) chuan tunlai hun hmasa lama ngaihtuahna neitu tam tak chu inhmang turin a fuih tih an pawm a ni thilsiamte kalphung mumal taka zir chianna. Historian-te pawhin Kristianna a\anga loan lak concept-te chuan scientific discussion-ah kawng an hmu a, rah tha tak a chhuah tih an hmu bawk. Scientist \henkhat phei chuan dan \henkhat anga thilsiamte hnathawh tih ngaihdan hi Kristian theology a\anga lo chhuak niin an sawi hial a ni. (5) .

Science lama inthlak danglamna hnuaiah hian eng nge awm? A chhan pakhat chu a chunga kan sawi tawh ang khan university-te kha a ni. Kum 1500-ah chuan Europe-ah chuan sawmruk vel an awm tawh a ni. Heng university te hi secularist leh state enkawl university an ni lo va, medieval kohhran \anpuina nasa tak nen an lo chhuak a, natural science research leh astronomy te hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni. Anmahniah chuan zirchianna leh sawihona zalenna nasa tak a awm a, chu chu duhsak bik a ni. Heng university-te hian zirlai sang tam tak an nei a, kum zabi 16-18-a Europe rama scientific revolution awm thei tur hmun buatsaihnaah an pui bawk. He revolution hi khawi atanga lo chhuak nghal a ni lo va, a hma hian hmasawnna tha tak tak a thleng a ni. Continent dangte chuan Europe-a zirna zau tak leh university inang an nei lo va,

Middle Ages khan khawthlang khawtlang nun hlawhtlinna ropui ber tur lungphum a siam a, chu chu tunlai science a ni. “Renaissance” hma khan science a awm lo tih sawi hi a dik lo mai mai a ni. Classical Greek research an hriat chian hnuah Middle Ages-a mithiamte chuan ideology system an siam a, chu chuan science chu hmanlai hun nena khaikhin chuan nasa takin a hruai a ni. Hruaitute thuneihna laka zirna lama zalenna humhalhna university-te chu kum 1100 chho vela din a ni. Heng institution te hian scientific research atan hmun him tak an siam fo thin. Kristian theology pawh hian Pathian thilsiam nia rin, thilsiamte zirchian tura fuih nan a inthlau hle tih a lantir a ni. (6) .

Damdawi leh damdawi in te. Kristian rinnain nghawng a neih pakhat chu damdawi lam leh damdawi in pianna hi a ni. A pawimawh ber chu a bik takin puithiamte an ni a, anni hian hmân lai damdawi lam lehkhabu leh hmân lai classical leh scientific work dangte chu an vawng ṭha a, an copy a, an letling bawk. Chu bâkah, damdawi lam pawh an siam chhuak lehzual a. An thiltih te tel lo se chuan damdawi lam hi chutiang bawk chuan a lo thang lo ang a, hmân lai thuziak hluite pawh tunlai thangtharte chhiar theih turin vawnhim a ni lo ang.

    Healthcare, social work leh charitable organization tam tak (Red Cross, Save the Children...) pawh Kristian nia inchhalte hian an lo din tawh a, a chhan chu Kristian rinnaah hian mahni vengte lainatna a tel fo thin a ni. Hei hi Isua zirtirna leh entawn tur atanga siam a ni. Chu ai chuan Pathian awm ring lo leh mihring ringtute chu he hmunah hian entu an ni fo thin. English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), amah ngei pawh secular humanist, mahse chuti chung pawha rinawm tak chuan hei hi a hmuchhuak a ni. Khawvel thlirna hian culture a nghawng dan a ngaihven hle a:"India leh Africa-ah kum tam tak ka hmang tawh a, chung pahnihah hian kohhran hrang hranga Kristiante enkawl thiltih dik tak tak tam tak ka tawng tawh a; mahse vawi khat mah socialist pawl emaw, mihring ngaihdan hmanga enkawl phâr damdawi in emaw enkawl damdawi in emaw, naupang enkawlna hmun emaw ka tawng lo. (7) .

   A hnuaia thuziak te hian Kristian rinnain missionary hnathawh hmanga nursing leh kawng dang a nghawng dan a tarlang belh leh a ni. Africa leh India rama damdawi in tam zawk hi Kristian mission leh tanpui duhna avanga lo piang an ni. Europe rama damdawi in hmasa berte pawh hi Kristian rinna thununna hnuaia lo chhuak a ni. Pathianin direct-in mi a tidam thei a, mahse mi tam tak chuan damdawi leh damdawi in kaltlangin tanpuina an dawng tawh a ni. Chumi kawngah chuan Kristian rinna hian hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni.

Middle Ages lai khan Order of Saint Benedict-a tel mipuite chuan Europe chhim lamah chauh damdawi in sang hnih chuang an enkawl a. Kum zabi 12- ^na chu he mi kawngah hian a pawimawh hle a, a bik takin chutah chuan Order of Saint John-te hnathawhna hmunah chuan a pawimawh hle a ni. Entirnan, Thlarau Thianghlim Damdawi In lian tak chu kum 1145 khan Montpellier-ah din a ni a, chu chu kum 1221 chhung khan damdawi lam zirna hmunpui leh Montpellier-a damdawi lam enkawlna hmunpui a lo ni nghal vat a, damdawi lam enkawlna bakah hian heng damdawi inte hian riltamte tan ei tur an pe a, hmeithai leh nu leh pa nei lote pawh an enkawl a, a mamawhtute hnenah thilpek an pe bawk. (8) .

Kristian kohhran hi a chanchin kal zelah sawiselna nasa tak tawk mah se, mi retheite damdawi lam enkawlna kawngah hmahruaitu a la ni reng a, sal tangte, chenna nei lo emaw, thi mai tur emaw tanpuitu leh hnathawhna hmun siam\hatna kawngah pawh hmahruaitu a la ni reng a ni. India ramah chuan a kaihhnawih damdawi in leh zirna in tha ber berte hi Kristian missionary hnathawh atanga lo chhuak a ni a, chutiang khawpa nasa pawhin Hindu tam takin sorkar enkawl damdawi in aiin heng damdawi in te hi an hmang nasa zawk a, a chhan chu chutah chuan enkawlna tha zawk an dawng dawn tih an hriat vang a ni. Indopui II-na a lo intan tirh khan India rama nurse 90% chu Kristian an ni a, 80% te chuan missionary damdawi inah zirna an dawng niin an chhut. (9) .

Kohhranah chuan he nun thilte hi nakin hun atana thil thleng ang bawkin enkawl a ni a; Africa mite thil tihhlawhtlin zawng zawng chu, kohhran missionary hna a\anga lo chhuak niin a lang. (Nelson Mandela chuan a chanchin ziakna Long Walk to Freedom-ah)

Kohhranin scientist-te a tiduhdah em? Sawi tawh angin Kristian rinna hian scientific revolution lo pianna chu nasa takin a nghawng a ni. A chhan pakhat chu Kohhranin a din university te kha a ni. Chuvangin Pathian awm ring lote’n an chin duh, chu chu Kristian rinna chu science hmasawnna daltu a ni ngei ang tih hi thudik lo ropui tak a ni. Chu chu Kristian rinnain nghawng a neih rei berna ramte chu science leh research lama hmahruaitu an nih avangin a lang bawk.

    Kohhranin scientist-te a tiduhdah tih ngaihdan hi engtin nge ni ang? Atheist circle-te chuan he ngaihdan hi vawng reng an duh a, mahse historical researcher tam tak chuan history tihdanglamna niin an ngai thung. He rinna leh science inhmachhawn chungchanga ngaihdan hi kum zabi 19-na tawp lam atang chauh a ni a, chutih lai chuan Darwin-a ngaihdan thlawptu ziaktute, eg Andrew Dickson White leh John William Draper te chuan an lehkhabuah an rawn chhuah chhuak a ni. Mahse, eg medieval researcher James Hannam chuan heti hian a sawi:

Mipui rin dan kalh takin, kohhran chuan leilung zau tak ngaihdan hi a thlawp ngai lo va, ruang lakna pawh a duh lo ngai lo va, an scientific ideology avang hian tumah an hal ngai lo tih a chiang hle. (10) .

Australian skeptic Tim O’Neill chuan he thusawi chungchangah hian dinhmun a siam a, miten history chungchang an hriat tak tak lohzia a lantir a ni: "He bullshit hi kick to pieces hi a harsa lo a, a bik takin he thu sawitute hian history chungchang engmah an hriat loh lai hian. Website leh lehkhabu lar tak tak atang hian heng ngaihtuahna mak tak tak te hi an la chhuak chauh a ni. Heng thusawi te hi sawisel theih loh evidence-in an hit hian a tlakbuak a ni. I find it fun to poke fun at the propagandists perfectly by asked them to name one - only one - scientist who was burned at the stake.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. emaw, Middle Ages-a a zirchianna avang khan tihduhdah emaw tihduhdah emaw a ni.leh Nicolaus Cusanus-a te—chuan, engvangin nge heng mite hian remna zawng zawng nen Middle Ages-a science chu kohhranin a tihbuai lohvin an hmasawn tih ka zawt a, ka dodaltute chuan mak ti takin an lu an beng tlangpui a, eng nge dik lo tak tak tih an ngaihtuah thin." (11)

   Grik mi Ptolemy-a’n leilung chhehvêla ni a inherna model chu tidanglamtu Galileo Galileia chu engtin nge ni ang? Pope hian a chungah thil dik lo a ti tih chu a dik a, mahse thubuai chu science dodalna ni lovin, thuneihna hman dan tihdanglamna a ni. (Ni e, Pope-te leh Catholic Kohhran hian thil dang tam takah, Crusade leh Inquisition-ah te pawh thiam loh an chang tawh a ni. Amaherawhchu, Kristian rinna kalsan vek emaw, Isua zirtirna zawm loh emaw a ni. Mi tam takin he danglamna hi an hrethiam lo.) Science leh rinna aiawhtute pahnih hi Galileo-a theory chungchanga an rilru put hmangah an inthen darh tih hriat a pawimawh bawk. Scientist thenkhat chu a lamah an awm a, thenkhat chuan an dodal bawk. Chutiang bawkin Kohhran mi \henkhatin a ngaihdan an dodal a, \henkhatin an dodal bawk. Hei hi theory thar a lo chhuah hian a thleng fo thin.

   Chuti a nih chuan engvangin nge Galileo-a chu Pope duh loh zawnga a tlakchhiat a, a villa-ah house arrest-a dah a nih? A chhan pakhat chu Galileo-a nungchang ngei kha a ni. Pope hi Galileo-a ngainatu lian tak a ni a, mahse Galileo-a fimkhur lo taka a thuziak chuan thil awmdan a tizual hle a ni. Ari Turunen chuan he thil thleng chungchang hi a ziak a:

Galileo Galilei hi science lama martar ropui berte zinga ngaih ni mah se, mihring angin a nuam vak lo tih hriat reng a ngai. A chapo a, a thinrim awlsam a, a bengchheng nasa hle a, mi enkawl thiamna leh thiamna a tlachham bawk.A lei nalh tak leh a hlimthla avang hian hmelma pawh a tlachham lo. Galileo-a astronomical work-ah hian dialogue format a hmang a. He lehkhabu hian mi fing lo zawk Simplicius-a a rawn luhtir a, ani hian Galileo-a hnenah counterarguments idiotic ber berte a rawn hlan a ni. Galileo-a hmelma te chuan Pope chu Galileo-a chuan a lem Simplicus hmangin Pope a sawina a ni tih an hriattir thei ta a ni. Chumi hnuah chauh chuan Urban VIII hlawhtling lo leh sensitive tak chuan Galileo-a lakah hma a la ta a ni...

    ...Urbanus-a chuan reformer-ah a inngai a, Galileo-a nena inbiakna neih chu a remti a, mahse Galileo-a style chu Pope tan chuan a tam lutuk. Galilei chuan a Simplicus figure hmanga Pope a sawi tum emaw ni lo emaw pawh ni se, hming thlan dan chu hriatthiam theih loh khawpin a chhe hle. Galilei chuan ziak hlawhtling tur bulpui a ngaihsak lo va, chutah chuan chhiartute zah pawh a tel a ni. (12) .

Tin, Pathian awm ring lote chuan scientist-te an tiduhdah em? A tlem berah chuan Pathian awm ring lo Soviet Union-ah khan hetiang hi a thleng a, chutah chuan scientist engemaw zat, geneticist te chu an scientific ngaihdan avang hian lung inah an khung a, thenkhat chu thah an ni bawk.

     Chutiang bawkin French Revolution-ah khan scientist engemawzat an thi a, chungte chu: chemist Antoine Lavoisier, astronomer Jean Sylvain Bally, mineralogist Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, astronomer Jean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron, botanist Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes te an ni. Amaherawhchu, an scientific idea vang ni lovin, an politics ngaihdan avang zawkin an that a ni. Hetah pawh hian thuneihna hmansualna thubuai a ni a, chu chuan Galileo-a enkawl dan nen a rah chhuah chu a danglam vek a ni.

Science kawng dik lo: Darwin-a chuan science a hruai bo a. He thuziak hi Pathian awm ring lote duhzawng, Kristian rinna chu science hmasawnna daltu a ni tih an sawi a\angin a in\an a ni. He thu hi a bulpui a awm lo tih sawi a ni a, mahse Kristian rinna pawimawhna hi science pian leh hmasawnna atan thutlukna siamtu a ni. He ngaihdan hi thil engemaw zat atanga lo chhuak a ni a, chungte chu literature tawng lo piang chhuak te, ziak leh chhiar thiamna te, sikul leh university te, damdawi lam leh damdawi in lama hmasawnna te, leh scientific revolution chu kum zabi 16-18-na Europe-a Kristian theism lalna hmuna thleng a nih thu te a ni. He inthlak danglamna hi secularist society atanga intan a ni lo va, a bik takin Kristian rinna atanga infuih society atanga intan a ni.

   Kristian rinna hi science tihhmasawn nana thil \ha tak a nih chuan, science leh Kristian rinna dodalna ngaihtuahna hi khawi atanga lo chhuak nge? Chutianga a awm chhan pakhat chu kum zabi 19-naa evolution chungchanga a theory-te nena Charles Darwin-a a ni ngei ang. He theory, naturalism nena inmil hi he lem siamtu ber a ni. Pathian awm ring lo lar tak Richard Dawkins pawhin Darwin-a hun hma chuan Pathian awm ring lo nih chu a tan a harsa dawn tih a sawi bawk: "Darwin-a hmaah chuan Pathian awm ring lo chu a dik angin lang mah se, intellectually justified atheism dinna lungphum chu Darwin-a chauh a ni" (13).

   Mahse mahse. Naturalistic scientist-te’n Darwin-a hnathawh leh thawhrimna an zah hian a then chu an dik a, a then chu an dik lo. Darwin-a hi naturalist uluk tak, thilsiamte dik taka enfiah, a thupui zir leh a zirchianna chungchang ziak thiam tak a ni tih hi an dik a ni. A magnum opus On the Origin of Species chhiar tawh chuan chu chu an hnial thei lo.

   Mahse, Darwin-a’n chi zawng zawng hi primordial cell pakhat atanga rochun an ni tih a ngaihdan (primordial cell-to-man theory) chu an pawm dik lo. A chhan chu a awlsam hle: Darwin-a hian a lehkhabu On the Origin of Species- ah hian chi hrang hrang inthlak danglamna entirnan engmah a lantir thei lo va , danglamna leh inthlak danglamna entirna chauh a lantir thei a ni. Thil chi hrang hrang pahnih an ni. Vawk hmui lian leh te, a thla lian leh te, a nih loh leh bacteria thenkhat do theihna tha zawk ang chi danglamna te hian engti kawng mahin tuna chi hrang hrang awm zawng zawng hi a bul tanna cell pakhat atanga lo chhuak an ni tih a finfiah lo. A hnuaia comment-te hian thupui chungchang a sawi belh a ni. Darwin-a ngei pawhin chi hrang hrang inthlak danglamna tak tak entirnan a nei lo tih a pawm a ngai a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian Darwin-a hian science a hruai sual a ni kan ti thei ang:

Darwin: A nihna takah chuan mite hnena hrilh hi ka chau hle a, chi khat chu chi dangah a inthlak tih direct evidence ka nei lo tih leh he ngaihdan hi a dik ka ring ber a, a chhan ber chu thil thleng tam tak chu chuta innghatin group-a dah leh sawifiah theih a nih vang a ni. (14) .

Encyclopedia Britannica: Darwin-a hian evolution emaw, species lo chhuahna emaw a finfiah thei tih a sawi ngai lo tih hi sawi uar a ngai a ni. Evolution a lo thleng tawh a nih chuan sawifiah theih loh thil tam tak sawifiah theih a ni tih a sawi. Chuvângin, evolution thlawptu evidence chu indirect a ni. 

"Species lo chhuahna sawifiahna lehkhabu lar tak hian engti kawng mahin a sawifiah lo hi thil mak tak a ni." (Christopher Booker, Times columnist-in Darwin-a magnum opus, On the Origin of Species )   a sawinaah a sawi a ni.

Darwin-a hian chhungkaw thing pakhat (evolution ngaihdan, tuna nunna chi hrang hrangte hi primordial cell pakhat atanga lo piang chhuak anga ngaih) ai chuan chhungkaw thing za tam tak a awm ang a, thing tin hian hnah leh bifurcation an nei tih zirtir ta se, thutak chu a hnaih zawk ang. Variation hi Darwin-a’n a finfiah angin a awm ve tho a, mahse basic species chhungah chauh a awm thung. Tuna nunna chi hrang hrang, primordial cell pakhat, chu chu stem form pakhat atanga lo chhuak model aiin thil siam dan model nen a inmil zawk a ni:

Scientist-te’n hetiang taka sawisel loha common progenitor concept an hman chhan hi kan ngaihtuah mai thei. Darwinism hnehna chuan scientist-te chawimawina a tipung tih rinhlelh rual a ni lo va, automatic process ngaihtuahna chu chutih hun lai thlarau nen a inmil hle a, chu theory chuan sakhaw hruaitute hnen atangin mak tak maiin thlawpna pawh a dawng a ni. Eng pawh ni se, scientist-te chuan he theory hi uluk taka test a nih hmain an pawm a, chutah chuan an thuneihna hmangin mipui zahawm takte chu natural process-te chu bacterium atanga mihring siam chhuah theihna tur leh chemical mixture atanga bacterium siam chhuah theihna tur a tawk tih hriattirna atan an hmang a ni. Evolutionary science chuan finfiahna thlawptu a zawng ṭan a, finfiahna ṭha lote chu tichhe thei tûr hrilhfiahna a rawn siam ṭan ta a ni. (16) .

Fossil record hian Darwin-a theory hi a dik lo tih a tilang bawk. Fossil-ah hian zawi zawiin hmasawnna hmuh tur a awm lo tih hriat a ni tawh a, evolutionary theory-ah chuan hei hmang hian hriatna, taksa peng leh chi thar lo chhuahna a ngai a ni. Entirnan, Steven M. Stanley chuan heti hian a sawi: "Fossil material hriat chhuah zingah hian he chi hrang hrangte tana structural feature thar pawimawh tak lo piang chhuak hi entirnan pakhat mah a awm lo (17)

    Zawi zawiin hmasawnna a awm loh thu hi paleontologist lar engemaw zatin an pawm tawh a ni. Fossil emaw, tunlai chi emaw pawhin Darwin-a theory-in a mamawh zawi zawiin hmasawnna entir nan an lantir lo. A hnuaia tarlan te hi natural history museum aiawh te thusawi thenkhat a ni. Natural history museum-te hian evolution finfiahna tha ber ber an nei tur a ni a, mahse an nei lo. Pakhatnaah chuan kan hun laia paleontologist lar ber pawh ni thei Stephen Jay Gould-a comment (American Museum). Fossil-a hmasawnna zawi zawiin a hnial a:

Stephen Jay Gould: Engti kawng mahin gradual evolution view-a potential competence hi ngaihthah ka duh lo. Lungpuiah pawh ‘enfiah’ a la ni ngai lo tih chauh ka sawi duh a ni.  (Panda kutpui, 1988, p. 182,183).

Dr. Etheridge, khawvel hriat hlawh British Museum curator:  He museum pumpuiah hian thil tenawm ber pawh hi intermediate form atanga species lo chhuahna finfiah tur a awm lo. Evolution theory hi thil hmuhchhuah leh thil dik takah a innghat lo. Mihring kum chungchang sawi chungchangah chuan thil awmdan chu a inang reng a ni. He museum hi heng theory-te hi eng ang taka rilru nei lo nge an nih tih tilangtu evidence-in a khat a ni. (18) .

Paleontological museum lian panga-a official-te zingah chuan thil nung pakhat, chi khat aṭanga chi dang a lo inthlâk danglam zauh zauh tih finfiahna anga ngaih theih thil nung pakhat chungchâng entîrna awlsam tak pakhat pawh an rawn pe thei lo. (Dr. Luther Sunderland-a’n a lehkhabu  Darwin’s enigma -a thupui tawi a sawi. He lehkhabu atan hian natural history museum aiawh tam tak a kawm a, evolution finfiahna tur eng ang evidence nge an neih tih hriat tumin lehkha a thawn a ni. [19])

A hnuaia thu hi he thupuiah hian a chhunzawm leh a ni. Dr Colin Patterson thi tawh hi British Museum (Natural History)-a senior paleontologist leh fossil expert a ni a, a nupui hian a fapa hi a enkawl mek a ni. Evolution chungchang lehkhabu a ziak a - mahse a lehkhabuah hian engvangin nge intermediate form (organisms in transition) thlalak a neih loh tih mi pakhatin a zawh chuan a hnuaia chhanna hi a ziak a ni. A chhannaah chuan khawvela paleontologist lar ber pawh ni thei Stephen J. Gould-a chungchang a sawi a (bold added):

Ka lehkhabuah hian evolutionarily in the transitional stage-a awm organisms chungchang lemziak a awm loh chungchangah i ngaihdan hi ka pawm vek a ni. Chutiang thil eng emaw, thil hlui emaw, thil nung emaw ka hriat chuan duhsak takin ka lehkhabuah ka dah tel ngei ang . Chutiang intermediate form entir nan artist ka hmang tur a ni tih i rawt a mahse khawi atang nge a drawing atan information a hmuh ang? Dik tak chuan he thu hi ka pe thei lo va, chu thil chu artist pakhat tan ka dah mai mai a nih chuan chhiartute chu a hruai sual dawn lo em ni?

   Ka lehkhabu thuziak hi kum li kalta khan ka ziak a [lehkhabuah hian intermediate form thenkhat a ring tih a sawi]. Tunah hian ziak ta ila chuan lehkhabu hi a danglam deuh zawkin ka hria. Zawi zawiin (changling gradually) hi concept ka ring tlat a ni. Darwin-a hmingthanna vang mai ni lovin, genetics ka hriatthiamna hian a mamawh niin a lang. Mahse, [fossil expert lar Stephen J.] Gould leh American museum-a mi dangte’n a inkar chi hrang hrang a awm lo tih an sawi hian an dodal a harsa hle Palaeontologist ka nih angin, fossil material atanga thil nung hlui chi hrang hrang hriatchhuah hian philosophical problems ka thawk nasa hle. ‘Fossil thlalak, chuta tang chuan organism group engemaw tak lo piang chhuak’ chu a tlem berah ka rawn present tur a ni’ i ti bawk. Direct takin ka sawi – tui tlak lohna evidence ni thei tur fossil a awm lo . (20) .

A chunga kan sawi tak atang hian eng nge thutlukna siam theih? Darwin hi naturalist tha tak angin kan zah thei a, mahse primordial cell pakhat atanga species rochun chungchanga a ngaihdan chu kan pawm tur a ni lo. Pathianin engkim a buatsaih nghal vek theih nan finfiahna chu thilsiam atan a inhmeh zawk tih a chiang hle. Variation a awm tak zet a, chi hrang hrangte chu chi thlah hmangin eng emaw chen chu tihdanglam theih a ni a, mahse heng zawng zawng hian a huam chin a nei a, chu chu a thleng thuai dawn a ni.

    Thutlukna chu Darwin-a chuan science a hruai bo a, Pathian awm ring lo scientist-te pawhin an zui ve ta a ni. Pathianin engkim hi a mah chauha lo chhuak lo turin a siam tih hi historical view-ah hian rinchhan chu a dik zawk hle. He ngaihdan hi scientist-te’n nunna hi engtin nge a mah chauhva a lo chhuah theih ang tih chinfel dan an hriat loh vang pawhin a thlawp a ni. Hei hi thil theih loh a nih avangin hriatthiam theih a ni. Nunna chauh hian nunna a siam thei a, he dan atang hian exception hmuh tur a awm lo. Nunna hmasa berte tan chuan hei hian Pathian a kawk chiang hle:

- (Gen 1:1) A tir lamah Pathianin lei leh van a siam a.

- (Rom 1:19,20) Pathian hriat theih chu anmahniah a lang a; Pathianin an hnenah a entir si a.

20 Khawvel siam ata a thil hmuh theih lohte chu fiah takin hmuh theih a ni a, thil siamte, a chatuan thiltihtheihna leh a Pathian nihna chu a hrethiam a; chutiang chuan chhanna nei lovin an awm ta a ni :

- (Thup 4:11) Aw Lalpa, ropuina te, chawimawina te, thiltihtheihna te dawng tlak i ni: engkim hi nangmahin i siam a, i lawmna atan an awm a, siam an ni bawk .

Jesus is the way, the truth and the life

Grap to eternal life!

Other Google Translate machine translations:

Kum maktaduai tam tak / dinosaur / mihring evolution?
Dinosaur te tihchhiat
Science tihsual a ni: Pathian awm ring lo theories of origin leh kum maktaduai tam tak
Engtik lai khan nge dinosaur te hi an dam?

Bible chanchin
Tuilêt chu

Kristian rinna: science, mihring dikna chanvo
Kristianna leh science lam
Kristian rinna leh mihring dikna chanvo

Khawchhak sakhaw hrang hrang / New Age
Buddha nge Buddhism nge Isua?
Piantharna hi a dik em?

Islam sakhua a ni
Muhammad-a thupuan leh nun
Islam leh Mecca ramah te milem biakna a ni
Koran hi a rintlak em?

Ethical chungchanga zawhnate
Homosexuality atanga zalen rawh
Gender-neutral inneihna
Nau pai hi thil sual tih a ni
Euthanasia leh hun laia chhinchhiahna te

Chhandamna
Save theih i ni