Di mɔs kɔmɔn naturalistik ɛksplen fɔ di biginin fɔ di yunivas na dat dɛn bɔn am tru di Big Bang frɔm ɛmti, dat na wan ples usay natin nɔ bin de. Bifo dat, tɛm, ples ɛn ɛnaji nɔ bin de. Dɛn tɔk bɔt dis kwɛstyɔn fayn fayn wan bay di nem dɛn fɔ buk dɛn lɛk Tyhjästä syntynyt (Born of the Empty) (Kari Enqvist, Jukka Maalampi) ɔ A Universe from Nothing (Lawrence M. Krauss). Di kot we de dɔŋ ya de tɔk bak bɔt di sem tin:

Fɔs, natin nɔ bin de atɔl. Dis na tin we rili at fɔ ɔndastand... Bifo di Big Bang, ivin ɛmti ples nɔ bin de. Spays ɛn tɛm ɛn ɛnaji ɛn matirial dɛn bin mek insay dis bɔm. Natin nɔ bin de "ɔdasay" na di yunivas fɔ bɔm. We dɛn bɔn am ɛn bigin fɔ big big wan, di wan ol wɔl bin gɛt ɔltin, ivin ɔl di ɛmti ples dɛn. (Jim Brooks: Näin elämä alkoi / Ɔrijin fɔ layf, pej 9-11)

Semweso, Wikipidia de tɔk bɔt di Big Bang. Akɔdin to am, di biginin wan hot ɛn dense ples bin de te di Big Bang apin ɛn di yunivas bigin fɔ bɔku:

Frɔm wetin di tiori se, di yunivas bin kɔmɔt frɔm wan ples we bin rili bɔku ɛn wam lɛk 13.8 bilyɔn ia so bifo dis tɛm we dɛn kɔl Big Bang ɛn frɔm da tɛm de, i dɔn de bɔku ɔltɛm.

Bɔt yu tink se di Big Bang ɛn di bɔn we dɛn bɔn na ɛvin fɔ dɛnsɛf na tru? Insay dis tin, i fayn fɔ pe atɛnshɔn to dɛn pɔynt dɛn ya:

Di wan we nɔ de nɔ kin ebul fɔ gɛt ɛni prɔpati ɛn natin nɔ kin kɔmɔt frɔm am . Yu kin si di fɔs tin we nɔ gri wit wetin dɛn tɔk na di kot dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt. Na wan say, dɛn se ɔltin bigin frɔm natin, ɛn na di ɔda say, dɛn se di fɔs stet bin rili wam ɛn dense.

    Bɔt if natin nɔ bin de na di biginin, da kayn stet de nɔ go ebul fɔ gɛt ɛni prɔpati. At least i nɔ kin hot ɛn dense bikɔs i nɔ de. Di nɔ-ɛgzistens nɔ go ebul fɔ gɛt ɔda prɔpati dɛn sɛf jɔs bikɔs i nɔ de.

    Na di ɔda say, if wi tink se di tin we nɔ de chenj insɛf to wan dense ɛn hot stet fɔ bi, ɔ di yunivas we de naw na frɔm am bɔn, dat bak na sɔntin we nɔ pɔsibul. I nɔ pɔsibul pan matematiks bikɔs i nɔ pɔsibul fɔ tek ɛnitin frɔm natin. If dɛn sheb ziro wit ɛni nɔmba, di rizɔlt na ziro ɔltɛm. David Berlinski, dɔn tek wan stand pan di tɔpik: 

”I nɔ gɛt wan minin fɔ agyu se sɔntin de kɔmɔt frɔm natin, we ɛni givɛn matematiks ɔndastand dis fɔ bi kɔmplit nɔsɛns” (Ron Rosenbaum: ”Is the Big Bang Just a Big Hoax? David Berlinski Challenges Everyone.”New York Observer 7.7 .1998) .

If ɛnaji nɔ bin de, natin nɔ bin fɔ dɔn bɔn . Wan kot we dɛn bin dɔn tɔk trade bin tɔk se no ɛnaji nɔ bin de we dɛn bigin, ɛn dɛn nɔ bin gɛt ɛnitin fɔ du wit am.

    כda tin de we de kכntradikshכn ya, biכs di fכs jεnarכl rul fכ tεmכdaynamiks se, "Dεn nכ kin kriyayt כ pwεl εnεji, i nכ de chenj frכm wan fכm to כda wan."

     In ɔda wɔd, if no ɛnaji nɔ bin de rayt na di biginin, usay di ɛnaji kɔmɔt bikɔs bay insɛf i nɔ go ebul fɔ kɔmɔt? Bɔt we pɔsin nɔ gɛt trɛnk, dat kin mek ɛni bɔm nɔ bɔn. Di bɔm we bin bɔn nɔ bin fɔ ɛva apin.

If di fɔs stet bin rili dense, i nɔ go ebul fɔ bɔn . Di fɔs kot bin de tɔk bɔt di we aw pipul dɛn bin de tink se ɔltin kɔmɔt frɔm wan ples we rili dense ɛn wam, we na wan stet we ɔl di tin dɛn we de na di yunivas pak insay wan rili smɔl ples. Dɛn dɔn kɔmpia am to wan wan tin, jɔs lɛk blak ol.

    Na ya bak, sɔntin de we nɔ gri wit wetin dɛn de tɔk. Bikɔs we dɛn ɛksplen blak ol dɛn, dɛn kin se dɛn kin so bɔku dat natin nɔ kin ebul fɔ rɔnawe, layt, ilɛktromagnetik raytin, ɔ ɛnitin nɔ de. Dat min se, dɛn kin tek di nature se i gɛt 4 men pawa dɛn: graviti, ilɛktromagnetik fɔs, ɛn strɔng ɛn wik nyuklia fɔs. Dɛn kin tek graviti as di wan we wik pas ɔl, bɔt if inof mas de, ɔda pawa dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ du natin bɔt am. Dɛn biliv se na so i kin bi wit blak ol dɛn.

     Wetin wi go ebul fɔ no frɔm dis? If dɛn tek blak ol as rial, ɛn we natin nɔ go ebul fɔ kɔmɔt bikɔs ɔf di big mas, aw pɔsin go jɔstify di sem tɛm fɔ mek i bɔn frɔm di say we dɛn se i bin de fɔs, we fɔ dɔn ivin den pas blak ol? Di wan dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, de agens dɛnsɛf.                                                         

Wan bɔm nɔ de mek ɔda tin dɛn apin . Wetin bɔt di bɔm sɛf, if i bin fɔ dɔn apin pan ɔl we ɔltin bin apin? Yu tink se di bɔm go mek ɛni ɔda tin pas fɔ pwɛl? Dis na sɔntin we yu kin tray fɔ du. If dɛn put wan eksplɔziv chaj ɛgz. insay wan sɔlid sfɛra, dɛn nɔ de mek natin frɔm am. Na wan pat pan di bɔl nɔmɔ de skata insay wan rayus we na sɔm mita, bɔt natin nɔ de apin. Bɔt di wan ol yunivas de ɔganayz wit fayn fayn galaksi dɛn, sta dɛn, planɛt dɛn, mun dɛn, ɛn layf bak. Dis kayn kɔmpleks ɛn wok sistɛm nɔ de kɔmɔt frɔm ɛnitin we de bɔn, bɔt i jɔs de pwɛl ɛn pwɛl.

Ɔl dis na frɔm wan smɔl ples ? As wi bin se, dɛn tek am na di Big Bang tiori se ɔltin bɔn frɔm wan smɔl ples we nɔ gɛt ɛnd. I fɔ dɔn bi bɔku bɔku galɛksi dɛn, bɔku bɔku sta dɛn, bɔt i fɔ dɔn bi bak di san, planɛt dɛn, rɔk dɛn ɛn tin dɛn we gɛt layf lɛk ɛlifant, pipul dɛn we de tink, bɔd dɛn we de chirping, fayn fayn flawa dɛn, big tik dɛn, bɔtaflay dɛn, fish ɛn di si we de rawnd dɛn, we de te banana ɛn strawberry, etc. Ɔl dɛn tin ya fɔ dɔn kɔmɔt na wan ples we smɔl pas pin ed. Dis na wetin dɛn asum insay dis standad tiori.

     Wi kin kɔmpia dis tin to pɔsin we ol machbɔks na in an ɛn afta dat i de tɔk se, “We yu si dis machbɔks na mi an, yu biliv se frɔm insay i go kam bi ɔndrɛd milyɔn sta dɛn, wan wam san, layf tin dɛn lɛk dis as dɔg, bɔd, ɛlifant, tik, fish ɛn di si we de rawnd dɛn, gud strawberry ɛn fayn fayn flawa dɛn? Yɛs, yu fɔ jɔs biliv se a de tɔk di tru, ɛn ɔl dɛn big big tin ya kin kɔmɔt frɔm dis machbɔks!”

     Aw yu go fil if sɔmbɔdi bin mek di agyumɛnt to yu bifo? Yu go tek am se i strenj smɔl? Bɔt di Big Bang tiori na di sem tin we strenj. I tek am se ɔltin bigin na wan ples we ivin smɔl pas bɔks we gɛt machɛt. A tink se wi de du tin wit sɛns if wi nɔ biliv ɔl dɛn tiori ya we sayɛnsman dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, de prɛzɛnt, bɔt wi stik to Gɔd in wok fɔ mek ɔltin, we klia wan na di bɛst ɛksplen fɔ di ɛgzistens fɔ sɛlestial bɔdi ɛn layf.

    Bɔku masta sabi bukman dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di sta dɛn dɔn tɔk bad bak bɔt di tin we dɛn kin tɔk bɔt big big bɔm. Dɛn si am se i nɔ gri wit rial sayɛns:

Nyu data difrɛn inof frɔm di tiori in prɛdikshɔn fɔ pwɛl di Big Bang-kɔsmɔlɔji (Fred Hoyle, The Big Bang in Astronomy, 92 New Scientist 521, 522-23 / 1981)

As ol cosmologist, a de si di current observational data de ripil tiori dɛm bɔt di biginin fɔ di yunivas, ɛn bak di bɔku tiori dɛm bɔt di biginin fɔ di Solar System. (H. Bondi, Lɛta, 87 Nyu Sayɛnsman 611 / 1980)

Na remarkably smɔl diskushɔn dɔn de fɔ if di big bang haypɔtɛsis kɔrɛkt ɔ nɔto kɔrɛkt... bɔku pan di ɔbshɔbishɔn dɛm we de kɔnfyus am, dɛn ɛksplen am tru bɔku bɔku asɔmpshɔn dɛm we nɔ gɛt ɛni fawndeshɔn ɔ dɛn jɔs nɔ de tek am. (nobɛlist H. Alfven, Kɔsmik Plasma 125 / 1981)

Fiziks man we nem Ɛrik Lɛna: ”Big Bang na jɔs wan intrestin stori, we dɛn de mentɛn fɔ wan patikyula rizin ” (Ɛrik Lɛna: A Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe, The Big Bang Never Happened, NY: Times Books, 1991).

“Big Bang tiori de dipen pan wan nɔmba we de gro pan di asɔmpshɔn dɛn we nɔ kɔnfyus - tin dɛn we wi nɔ ɛva si. Infleshɔn, dak matirial ɛn dak ɛnaji na dɛn pipul ya no pas ɔl pan dɛn tin ya. If dɛn nɔ bin de, di tin dɛn we di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di sta dɛn bin dɔn si ɛn di tin dɛn we dɛn bin dɔn tɔk bɔt di fɔs tin we dɛn bin dɔn tɔk bɔt di tin dɛn we dɛn bin dɔn bɔn, nɔ go gri wit dɛnsɛf we go mek dɛn day.” (Eric Lerner ɛn 33 ɔda sayɛnsman dɛn frɔm 10 difrɛn kɔntri dɛn, Bucking the Big Bang, New Scientist 182(2448):20, 2004; www.cosmologystatement.org , dɛn akses am 1 Epril 2014.)

Gas nɔ kin kɔndens to tin dɛn we de na ɛvin . Di asɔmpshɔn na dat sɔm tɛm afta di Big Bang, dɛn bin mek haydrojɛn ɛn ɛliyɔm, usay galɛksi ɛn sta dɛn bin kɔndens frɔm.

     Bɔt na ya bak dɛn nɔ gri wit di lɔ dɛn bɔt fizik. Insay fri spes, di gas nɔ de ɛva kɔndens, bɔt i jɔs de skata dip dip wan na di spes, ɛn i de sheb ivin. Dis na di men tin we dɛn kin tich na skul buk dɛn. Ɔ if yu tray fɔ kɔmprɛs di gas, in tɛmpracha go go ɔp, ɛn di tɛmpracha we de go ɔp de mek di gas go ɔp bak. I de mek pipul dɛn nɔ bɔn na ɛvin.

    Fred Hoyle, we bin de kɔl di big bang tiori ɛn nɔ biliv am, bin tɔk bak se: "Di tin we de bɔku nɔ go ebul fɔ kɔl ɛnitin ɛn afta we i dɔn bɔku ɔl di wok dɔn dɔn" (The Intelligent Universe: A New View of Creation and Evolution - 1983) .

     Di kɔmɛnt dɛn we de kam biɛn ya sho mɔ se sayɛnsman dɛn nɔ gɛt ansa to usay galaksi ɛn sta dɛn kɔmɔt. Pan ɔl we sɔm buk dɛn ɔ TV sho dɛn we pipul dɛn lɛk kin ɛksplen bɔku tɛm se na dɛnsɛf bɔn dɛn ɛvin bɔdi dɛn ya, no pruf nɔ de fɔ sho se na so i bi. Dɛn kayn prɔblɛm dɛn ya kin mit we pɔsin jɔs de luk fɔ ɛksplen we di tin dɛn we de na ɛvin de, bɔt i nɔ gri wit di wok we Gɔd de du fɔ mek ɔltin, we di pruf dɛn de sho klia wan se: 

A nɔ want fɔ tɔk se wi rili ɔndastand di we aw dɛn mek di galɛksi dɛn. Di tiori bɔt di bɔn we di galɛksi dɛn bɔn na wan pan di big prɔblɛm dɛn we dɛn nɔ sɔlv yet na astrofiziks ɛn i tan lɛk se wi stil de fa frɔm di rial sɔlvishɔn ivin tide. (Stivin Weinberg, Kolme ensimmäistä minuuttia / Di Fɔs Tri minit, pej 88)

Buk dɛn ful-ɔp wit stori dɛn we de fil se dɛn gɛt sɛns, bɔt di tru tin we nɔ fayn na dat wi nɔ no, aw dɛn bɔn di galɛksi dɛn. (L. Jɔn, Kɔsmɔlɔji Naw 85, 92 / 1976)

Bɔt wan big prɔblɛm na aw ɔltin kam? Aw di gas we dɛn bɔn galɛksi dɛn frɔm bin gɛda fɔs fɔ bigin di bɔn we di sta dɛn bɔn ɛn di big saykl we de na di wɔl? (...) So, wi fɔ fɛn fizik mɛkanism dɛn we de briŋ kɔndɛnseshɔn insay di homojɛnik matirial na di yunivas. Dis kin tan lɛk se i rili izi bɔt as fɔ tru, i kin mek prɔblɛm dɛn we rili dip. (Malcolm S. Longair, Räjähtävä maailmankaikkeus / Di Ɔrijin fɔ Wi Yunivas, pej 93)

I rili shem fɔ no se nɔbɔdi nɔ ɛksplen aw dɛn (galaksi) kam... Mɔs pan di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di sta dɛn ɛn di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di wɔl kin gri opin wan se no tiori nɔ de we go mek pɔsin satisfay bɔt aw di galɛksi dɛn kin mek. In ɔda wɔd dɛn, wan men tin we de na di wan ol wɔl nɔ ɛksplen. (W. R. Kɔlis: Wan Katalog fɔ Astronomik Anomali, Sta, Galeksi, Kɔsmɔs, pej 184, Sɔsbuk Projɛkt, 1987)

Di tin we de mek wi fred na ya na dat if nɔbɔdi pan wi nɔ bin no bifo tɛm se sta dɛn de, di fɔs layn risach go gi bɔku rizin dɛn we go mek pɔsin biliv wetin mek dɛn nɔ go ɛva bɔn sta dɛn.” (Neil deGrasse Tyson, Day bay Blak Ɔl: Ɛn Ɔda Kɔsmik Kwandri, pej 187, W. W. Nɔtan ɛn Kɔmni, 2007)

Ebraam Lɔb: “Di tru tin na dat wi nɔ ɔndastand aw sta dɛn de mek pan wan impɔtant lɛvul.” (Dɛn kot am frɔm Makus Chawn in atikul Let there be light , New Scientist 157(2120):26-30, 7 Fɛbwari 1998)

Wetin bɔt di bɔn we di solar sistem bɔn, dat na di san, planɛt ɛn mun? Dɛn dɔn tink se dɛn bɔn dɛn frɔm wan gas klawd, bɔt na tin we pɔsin kin gɛs. Sayɛnsman dɛn gri se di san, planɛt ɛn mun dɛn gɛt biginin - ɔdasay dɛn intanɛnt ɛnaji dɛn fɔ dɔn dɔn as tɛm de go - bɔt dɛn fɔ yuz imajineshɔn we dɛn de luk fɔ rizin fɔ bɔn dɛn. We dɛn dinay se Gɔd in wok fɔ mek ɔltin, dɛn kin fos dɛn fɔ luk insted fɔ sɔm naturalistic ɛksplen bɔt aw dɛn bɔn dɛn bɔdi ya na ɛvin.

    Bɔt dɛn mit wan dɛd ɛnd insay de, bikɔs di kɔmpɔzishɔn fɔ di planɛt dɛn, di mun dɛn ɛn di san rili difrɛn frɔm dɛnsɛf. Aw dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm di sem gas klawd, if dɛn rili difrɛn pan di we aw dɛn mek dɛn? Fɔ ɛgzampul, sɔm planɛt dɛn gɛt layt tin dɛn, ɛn ɔda wan dɛn gɛt tin dɛn we ebi pasmak.

    Bɔku sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn ɔnɛs fɔ gri se di tiori dɛn we de naw bɔt aw di solar sistem kɔmɔt, gɛt prɔblɛm. Dis dɔŋ ya na sɔm pan dɛn kɔmɛnt dɛn. Dɛn kɔmɛnt dɛn ya de sho aw i nɔ izi fɔ ɛksplen usay di wan ol wɔl we nɔ gɛt layf bigin fɔ insɛf if Gɔd nɔ de. No gud rizin nɔ de fɔ rayt istri bak pan dis eria. I mek sɛns mɔ fɔ biliv pan di wok we Gɔd de du fɔ mek ɔltin.

Fɔs, wi notis se di tin we de kɔmɔt nia wi San, nɔ ebul fɔ mek dɛn kayn planɛt dɛn de atɔl we wi no. Di we aw dɛn mek di tin go rili rɔng. Wan ɔda tin we difrɛn frɔm dis na dat di San nɔmal [as na ɛvin bɔdi], bɔt di wɔl strenj. Di gas we de bitwin sta dɛn, ɛn bɔku pan di sta dɛn, gɛt di sem tin we di San gɛt, bɔt nɔto di wɔl. Wi fɔ ɔndastand se fɔ luk frɔm kɔsmɔlɔjik pɔynt – di rum, usay yu sidɔm rayt naw, dɛn mek am wit rɔng matirial. Yu na di rarity, wan kosmolojikal kɔmpozitɔ in kɔmplishɔn. (Frɛd C. Hoyle, Harper’s Magazine, Epril 1951)

Ivin tide, we astrofiziks dɔn go bifo bad bad wan, bɔku tiori dɛn bɔt usay di solar sistem kɔmɔt nɔ satisfay. Sayɛnsman dɛn stil nɔ gri bɔt di ditil dɛn. No tiori nɔ de we pipul dɛn kin gri wit we dɛn de si. (Jim Brooks, Näin alkoi elämä , pej 57 / Di say dɛn we layf bigin)

Ɔl di haypɔtɛsis dɛm we dɛn prɛzɛnt bɔt di ɔrijin fɔ di solar sistɛm gɛt siriɔs inkɔnsistɛns. Di kɔnklushɔn, fɔ dis tɛm, i tan lɛk se di solar sistem nɔ go ebul fɔ de. (H. Jeffreys, Di Wɔl: In Ɔrijin, Istri ɛn Fizik Kɔnstityushɔn , 6 ^th edishɔn, Kembrij Yunivasiti Prɛs, 1976, p. 387)

Aw yu de jɔstify fɔ bɔn layf bay insɛf?

Na di ɔp, na di nɔ-ɔrganik wɔl ɛn di ɔrijin nɔmɔ dɛn dɔn tɔk bɔt. Dɛn bin tɔk se sayɛnsman dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, nɔ ebul fɔ jɔstify dɛn yon tiori bɔt usay di wan ol wɔl ɛn di tin dɛn we de na ɛvin bigin. Dɛn tiori dɛn de agens di lɔ dɛn we de na di bɔdi ɛn di tin dɛn we pɔsin kin si we pɔsin kin si.

    Frɔm ya i fayn fɔ muf go na di ɔrganik wɔl, dat na fɔ dil wit di wɔl we gɛt layf. Bɔku tɛm dɛn kin tɛl wi se layf bin kam fɔ insɛf 3-4 bilyɔn ia bifo na sɔm wam pɔnd ɔ si.

    Bɔt bak, prɔblɛm de wit dis aidia: nɔbɔdi nɔ ɛva si aw layf bigin. Nɔbɔdi nɔ si am, so na di sem prɔblɛm we bin de wit di fɔs naturalistic tiori dɛm. Pipul dɛn kin gɛt imej se dɛn dɔn sɔlv di prɔblɛm we gɛt fɔ du wit di bɔn we dɛn bɔn layf, bɔt no kɔnkrit bies nɔ de fɔ dis imej: Dis na tin we pɔsin kin want, ɛn nɔto tin we pɔsin kin si we dɛn du sayɛns.

    Di aidia fɔ bɔn layf bay insɛf na prɔblɛm bak pan sayɛns sɛns. Di prɛktikal ɔbshɔbishɔn na dat layf na frɔm layf nɔmɔ dɛn kin bɔn, ɛn dɛn nɔ dɔn fɛn wan wan we nɔ de pan dis lɔ . Na wan sɛl we gɛt layf nɔmɔ go ebul fɔ mek di bildin matirial dɛn we fit fɔ mek nyu sɛl dɛn. So, we dɛn prɛzɛnt se layf kɔmɔt fɔ insɛf, dɛn kin agyu bɔt am agens rial sayɛns ɛn prɛktikal ɔbshɔbishɔn.

    Bɔku sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn gri se dis prɔblɛm big. Dɛn nɔ gɛt ɛni sɔlv fɔ di we aw layf bigin. Dɛn gri se layf na di wɔl bin bigin, bɔt dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ du dis bikɔs dɛn nɔ gri se na Gɔd mek ɔltin. Na sɔm kɔmɛnt dɛn bɔt dis tɔpik: 

A tink se wi fɔ go fa ɛn admit se di wangren ɛksplɛnch we wi kin akseptabl na krieshɔn. A no se dis aidia dɔn ostracized bay fiziks, ɛn infakt na mi, bɔt wi nɔ fɔ rijɛkt am jɔs bikɔs wi nɔ lɛk am if di ɛkspirimɛnt pruf sɔpɔt am. (H. Lipson, "Wan Fiziksman Luk pan Ɛvolushɔn", Fiziks Bulletin, 31, 1980)

Sayɛnsman dɛn nɔ gɛt ɛni pruf fɔ agens di we aw pipul dɛn de tink se layf kam bikɔs ɔf di tin dɛn we Gɔd mek. (Robert Jastrow: Di Enchanted Loom, Maynd insay di Yunivasiti, 1981)

I pas 30 ia we dɛn dɔn tray fɔ no bɔt kemikal ɛn mɔlikul ɛvolushɔn dɔn sho se di prɔblɛm we gɛt fɔ du wit di biginin fɔ layf rili bɔku pas fɔ sɔlv am. Tide, basically na onli rilevεnt tiori εn εkspεriεns dεm dεn de tכk bכt εn dεn drift insay wan dεd εnd, כ ignorance dεn acknowledge (Klaus Dose, Interdisciplinary Science Review 13, 1988)

We wi de tray fɔ briŋ togɛda wetin wi no bɔt di dip istri bɔt layf na di planɛt Wɔl, di ɔrijin fɔ layf, ɛn di stej dɛm we i fɔm we mek di bayoloji we de apia rawnd wi, wi fɔ admit se i kɔba wit daknɛs. Wi nɔ no aw layf bigin na dis planɛt. Wi nɔ no ustɛm i bigin, ɛn wi nɔ no ustɛm tin apin. (Andi Nɔl, we na Prɔfɛsɔ na di Yunivasiti na Havad) (1)

Di kot we de kam biɛn ya gɛt fɔ du wit di tɔpik bak. I de tɔk bɔt Stanli Mila we dɛn bin intavyu we i bin de dɔn in layf. I dɔn gɛt nem fɔ in ɛkspiriɛns dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit aw layf bigin, we dɛn dɔn de tɔk bɔt bɔku tɛm na di pej dɛn na skul ɛn sayɛns buk dɛn, bɔt dɛn ɛkspiriɛns dɛn ya nɔ gɛt natin fɔ du wit aw layf bigin. J. Morgan dɔn tɔk bɔt wan intavyu we Miller bin dismis ɔl di advays dɛn bɔt aw layf bigin bay insɛf as nɔsɛns ɔ pepa kemistri. Dis grup we de stɔdi bɔt pepa kemistri bin gɛt bak di ɛkspiriɛns dɛn we Miller insɛf bin du bɔku bɔku ia bifo dis tɛm, ɛn di pikchɔ dɛn we dɛn dɔn mek dɔn dekɔret skul buk dɛn:

I nɔ bin bisin bɔt ɔl di advays dɛn bɔt aw layf bigin, i bin de tek am se na “nɔs” ɔ “pepa kemistri”. I bin so kɔntempt sɔm hypothesis dɛm se we a aks in opinion bɔt dɛm, i bin jɔs shek in ed, sigh dip ɛn snigger – lɛk se i de tray fɔ rijek di madness of di human race. I bin gri se sayɛnsman dɛn nɔ go ɛva no ustɛm ɛn aw layf bigin. “Wi de tray fɔ tɔk bɔt wan istri ivin we klia wan difrɛn frɔm nɔmal sayɛns”, i notis. (2) .

Pan ɔl we no sayɛnsman we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de nɔ no ɛnitin bɔt aw layf bigin, dɛn stil biliv se i bigin lɛk 1000 ia so. 4 bilyɔn ia bifo dis tɛm. dεn tek am se i bigin frכm "simpul primitiv sεl", we, bכt, i at fכ pruv se i kכrekt, biכs ivin di sεl dεm tide rili komplεks εn i gεt bכku bכku infכmeshכn.

    Ɛni we aw i bi, if wi stik to di tiori bɔt evolushɔn ɛn bɔku bɔku ia, ɔda siriɔs prɔblɛm dɛn kin kam we i nɔ kin izi fɔ lɛ wi nɔ pe atɛnshɔn to.

     Wan pan di big prɔblɛm dɛn na di tin we dɛn kɔl Cambrian explosion. i min se כl di animal strכkchכral tכp dεm, כ men grup dεm, inklud di vεrbret dεm, bin apia na di Kambrian strata כnli "insay 10 miliכn ia" (540-530 miliכn ia akɔdin to di evolushכnal skel) we dεn kכmplit wan εn we nכ gεt prε-fכm na di grכn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn dɔn si se di trilobite wit in kɔmpleks yay dɛn ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we gɛt layf, pafɛkt. Stivin Jay Gould bin ɛksplen dis wɔndaful tin we apin. I tɔk se insay sɔm milyɔn ia ɔl di men grup dɛn na di animal dɛn bin apia:

Paleontologists dɔn no fɔ lɔng tɛm, ɛn dɛn bin de wɔnda se ɔl di men grup dɛm na di animal kingdom bin apia kwik kwik wan insay shɔt tɛm insay di Cambrian tɛm... ɔl layf, inklud di granpa dɛm fɔ animal dɛm, bin de wan sɛl fɔ fayv-siks pan di istri we de naw, te to lɛk 550 milyɔn ia so dɔn pas we wan evolushɔn bɔm bin mek ɔl di men grup dɛn na di animal dɛn we de na di animal dɛn kin bɔn insay sɔm milyɔn ia nɔmɔ... (3)

Wetin mek di Kambrian eksplɔshɔn gɛt prɔblɛm? Tri impɔtant rizin dɛn de fɔ dis:

1. Di fɔs prɔblɛm na dat, nɔ simpul prɛkursɔ dɛn de dɔŋ di Kambrian layers. ivin di trilobit dεm wit dεn komplεks yay dεm, lεk כda כganism dεm, de sho wan wan dεm rεdi, komplεks, ful divεlכp εn we nכ gεt εni ansesta dεm na di lכw strata. Dis na tin we strenj bikɔs dɛn biliv se layf bigin lɛk wan simpul sɛl 3.5 bilyɔn ia bifo di Kambrian tɛm. Wetin mek nɔto ivin wan intamɛdiet fɔm de insay di 3.5 bilyan ia tɛm ? Dis na klia tin we nɔ gri wit wetin dɛn tɔk, we de sho se di evolushɔn tiori nɔ gri wit wetin dɛn tɔk. Di tin dɛm we dɛn fɛn sɔpɔt klia wan wan krieshɔn mɔdel usay di spisis dɛn bin rɛdi, kɔmpleks ɛn difrɛn frɔm di biginin. Bɔku pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di tin dɛn we bin dɔn apin trade trade dɔn gri se di tin we bin bɔn na di Kambrian nɔ bin gri wit di we aw dɛn bin de mek di tin dɛn we bin de apin trade trade.

If evolushɔn frɔm simpul to kɔmpleks na tru, den dɛn fɔ fɛn di gret gret granpa dɛn fɔ dɛn Kambrian, ful divɛlɔp ɔrganizm ya; bɔt dɛn nɔ dɔn fɛn dɛn, ɛn sayɛnsman dɛn gri se chans nɔ de fɔ fɛn dɛn. Frɔm di tru tin dɛn nɔmɔ, bay wetin dɛn dɔn rili fɛn na di wɔl, di tiori we se di men grup dɛn we gɛt layf kɔmɔt frɔm wan tin we apin wantɛm wantɛm we Gɔd mek ɔltin, na in go mɔs bi. (Harold G. Coffin, “Evolution or Creation?” Libati, Sɛptɛmba-Ɔktoba 1975, pej 12)

Sɔntɛnde, bayolojist dɛn kin nulify ɔ ignore di apia we animal layf bin de apia wantɛm wantɛm we bin de insay di Kambrian tɛm ɛn di impɔtant we aw i bin de. Bɔt di risach we dɛn dɔn du dis biɛn tɛm dɔn mek dis prɔblɛm we de mek di ɔrganizm dɛn we de bɔn bak wantɛm wantɛm, de at fɔ ɔlman fɔ ignore... (Scientific American, August 1964, pp. 34-36)

Di tru tin stil de, as ɛvri paleontologist no, se bɔku pan di spisis, jenar ɛn trayb ɛn ɔlmost ɔl di nyu grup dɛn we big pas di trayb lɛvɛl kin apia wantɛm wantɛm na di fɔs rɛkɛd, ɛn di siriɔs we dɛn sabi, smɔl smɔl transishɔnal fɔm dɛn we de fala dɛnsɛf absoliutli seamles nɔ sho dɛn we fɔ go ɔp. (George Gaylord Simpson: Di men tin dɛn we de sho se ɔltin kam bay chans, 1953, pej 360)

2. Wan ɔda prɔblɛm we fiba di wan we bin de bifo na dat afta di Kambrian tɛm, dat na, insay 500 milyɔn ia (akɔdin to di evolushɔn skel), nɔ nyu men grup fɔ animal dɛn nɔ apia bak. Frɔm wetin Darwin bin tɔk, ɔltin bigin frɔm wan sɛl, ɛn nyu men grup dɛn fɔ animal dɛn fɔ de ɔltɛm, bɔt di say we dɛn de go na di kɔmɔn tin. Naw, di spisis dɛn nɔ bɔku pas aw dɛn bin de bifo; dɛn de go dɔnawe wit dɛn ɔltɛm ɛn dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ mek dɛn kam bak. If di evolushɔn mɔdel bin kɔrɛkt, evolushɔn fɔ go di ɔpɔzit dairekshɔn, bɔt dat nɔ kin apin. Di tik we de sho se ɔltin kam bay chans, de ɔpsayd ɛn i nɔ gri wit wetin dɛn fɔ ɛkspɛkt akɔdin to Darwin in tiori. Di tru tin dɛn fit bɛtɛ wit di krieshɔn mɔdel, usay kɔmplisiti ɛn bɔku bɔku spisis bin de na di biginin.

    Di kot dɛm we de kam biɛn ya de sho dis prɔblɛm mɔ, dat na aw insay di 500 milyɔn ia (akɔdin to di evolushɔn skel) afta di Kambrian bɔm, nɔ nyu men grup fɔ animal dɛn nɔ bin apia, jɔs lɛk aw dɛn nɔ bin apia insay di tɛm bifo Kambrian (3.5 bilyan ia).

Stephen J. Gould: Paleontologists dɔn no fɔ lɔng tɛm, ɛn dɛn bin de wɔnda se ɔl di men grup dɛm na di animal kingdom bin apia kwik kwik wan insay shɔt tɛm insay di Cambrian tɛm... ɔl layf, inklud di granpa dɛm fɔ animal, bin stil de wan sɛl fɔ fayv-siks pat pan di istri we de naw, te lɛk 550 milyɔn ia so dɔn pas we wan ɛvolushɔn bɔm bin mek ɔl di men grup dɛn na di animal kiŋdɔm jɔs insay sɔm milyɔn ia...

    Di Kambrian eksplɔshɔn na wan impɔtant tin we apin na di layf istri fɔ animal dɛn we gɛt bɔku sɛl. Di mɔ we wi de stɔdi di episɔd, na di mɔ wi kin kɔle di pruf dɛn we de sho se i spɛshal ɛn we i rili afɛkt di we aw pipul dɛn de liv leta. di besik anatomical strכkchכ dεm we dεn bכn da tεm de dכn dכmin layf frכm da tεm de witout signifyant adishכn dεm. (4) .

Di difrɛns dɛn we dɛn si insay di tɛm we di Kambrian bin de, de mek tu tin dɛn we dɛn nɔ sɔlv yet. fכs, us evolushכnal prכsεs dεm mek difrεns bitwin di mכfכlכji (fכm) fכ di men grup dεm fכ di כganism? Sɛkɔn, wetin mek di mɔfɔlɔjik bɔda dɛn bitwin infrastukchɔ dɛn dɔn de rili kɔnstant fɔ di pas 500 milyɔn ia? (Erwin D. Valentine J (2013) Di Kambriad Ɛksplɔshɔn: Di Kɔnstrɔkshɔn fɔ Animal Bayovɛsiti, Rɔbɔts ɛn Kɔmni Pɔblisha dɛn, 416 p.)

Ilɛk wetin na di evolushɔn chenj dɛn we apin afta dis, insay ɔl di difrɛns, i bin basically onli wan mata fɔ difrɛns pan di besik strɔkchɔ dɛn we dɛn bin establish insay di Kambrian eksplɔshɔn. .

3. Di tɔd prɔblɛm, if wi stik to di evolushɔn skel ɛn in schedule, na dat dɛn biliv se di tin we dɛn kɔl di Kambrian eksplɔshɔn bin apin nɔmɔ "insay 10 milyɔn ia ". Wɛl, wetin rili wɔndaful bɔt dis? Bɔt na rial pazl frɔm di pɔynt fɔ si di tiori bɔt ɛvolushɔn, bikɔs 10 milyɔn ia na smɔl tɛm we nɔ pɔsibul fɔ biliv pan di evolushɔn skel, dat na jɔs lɛk. 1/400 pan ɔl di tɛm we dɛn biliv se layf bin de na di wɔl (lɛk 4 bilyɔn ia). So di pazl na dat ɔl di animal strɔkchɔ tayp ɛn di men grup dɛn bin apia insay da kayn shɔt tɛm de, bɔt nɔbɔdi nɔ de we kɔmɔt frɔm dɛn animal ya bifo dat, ɛn no nyu fɔm nɔ apia frɔm da tɛm de. Dis nɔ fit di evolushɔn mɔdel. I rili difrɛn frɔm wetin yu go ɛkspɛkt.

     So aw wi go ebul fɔ ɛksplen dis tin frɔm di we aw Gɔd mek ɔltin? Mi ɔndastandin na dat di Kambrian eksplɔshɔn de tɔk bɔt krieshɔn, dat na aw ɔltin bin mek wantɛm wantɛm. Bɔt dat nɔ min se dɛn mek ɔda tin dɛn lɛk animal dɛn we de na grɔn ɛn bɔd dɛn, bɔku leta. Nɔto so, bɔt dɛn mek ɔl di animal ɛn plant dɛn di sem tɛm ɛn dɛnsɛf dɔn liv di sem tɛm na di wɔl, bɔt na difrɛn ikɔlɔjik kɔmpawtmɛnt dɛn nɔmɔ (si, swamp, land, ayland zon...). Ivin tide, mɔtalman ɛn animal dɛn we de na di wɔl nɔ de liv na di sem ples we animal dɛn we de na di si de liv. If nɔto dat, dɛn go drawn wantɛm wantɛm. Fɔ kɔrɛkt dat, dɛn se di animal dɛn we de na di si, we dɛn kɔl di wan dɛn we bin de ripresent di tɛm we di Kambrian bin de, nɔ bin ebul fɔ liv na di wɔl lɛk aw animal dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn milk ɛn mɔtalman we de na di wɔl de liv. Dɛn go day kwik kwik wan.

Aw yu pruv se bɔku bɔku ia na tru

Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl na di tiori bɔt evolushɔn na di asɔmpshɔn fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Dɛn nɔ pruv se di tiori bɔt evolushɔn na tru, bɔt di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans de tek bɔku bɔku ia as di bɛst pruf fɔ se pɔsin kin abop pan di tiori bɔt evolushɔn. dεn tink se, if dεn gi inof tεm, כltin posbul: di bכn fכ layf εn di inhεrit fכ כl di spisis dεm we de naw frכm di fכs primitiv sεl. So insay fayn fayn stori, we gyal pikin kis frog, i kin bi prins. Bɔt if yu alaw inof tɛm, dat na 300 milyɔn ia, di sem tin kin tɔn to sayɛns, bikɔs insay da tɛm de sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se di frog tɔn to mɔtalman. Dis na aw pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans de gi tɛm tin dɛn we pas mɔtalman, lɛk se.

    Bɔt aw i bi? Wi de luk tu eria dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit di tɔpik: di mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn we dɛn mek wit rɔk ɛn di rit we di dipɔsit dɛn de fɔm. Dis na impɔtant tin dɛn fɔ no bɔt dis eria.

1. Mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn we dɛn mek wit ston. Di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, tink se wan pan di bɛst pruf dɛn we de sɔpɔt bɔku bɔku ia na di mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn we dɛn mek pan rɔk dɛn we gɛt redioaktiv. Frɔm di rɔk dɛn, dɛn dɔn kam fɔ no se di wɔl ol fɔ bɔku bɔku ia.

    Yu tink se rɔk dɛn de pruv se di Wɔl ol bɔku bɔku ia? Dɛn nɔ de tɛstify. Dɛn ston dɛn ya nɔ gɛt ɛnitin fɔ du wit dɛn ej; na dεn kכnsantreshכn nכmכ dεn kin mכsu εn frכm am dεn dכn pul kכnklushכn fכ lכng tεm. Bɔt bɔku pazl dɛn de fɔ mɛzhɔ di redioaktiviti we ston dɛn gɛt, ɛn wi go tɔk bɔt sɔm pan dɛn. Dɛn kin mɛzhɔ di kɔnsɛntreshɔn fɔ di ston dɛn kɔrɛkt wan, bɔt i kin aks kwɛstyɔn bɔt fɔ rilayt dɛn to di ej we di ston dɛn gɛt.

Di kɔnsɛntreshɔn dɛn na difrɛn pat dɛn na di rɔk dɛn . Wan impɔtant tin fɔ tink bɔt na dat dɛn kin gɛt difrɛn rizɔlt frɔm difrɛn pat dɛn na di redioaktiv ston dɛn, dat na difrɛn kɔnsɛntreshɔn, we min bak difrɛn ej. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn dɔn gɛt bɔku difrɛn tin dɛn frɔm di Allende mɛtiɔrayt we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi, ɛn i ol frɔm 4480 milyɔn to 10400 milyɔn ia. Na wan rili smɔl eria, di sem pis kin gɛt difrɛn kɔnsɛntreshɔn. Di ɛgzampul sho bak aw di redioaktiviti mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn de shek shek. Aw wan pat pan di sem rɔk go ol pas di ɔda pat fɔ bɔku bɔku ia? Ɔlman ɔndastand se wi nɔ go ebul fɔ abop pan dis kayn tin. I nɔ shɔ fɔ rilayt di kɔnsɛntreshɔn fɔ rɔk dɛn to dɛn ej.

Ol ej fɔ fresh ston dɛn . We i kam pan di we dɛn we dɛn de yuz redioaktiviti, dɛn kin tɛst dɛn na prɔsis. Dis kin rili bi if sayɛnsman dɛn no di rial tɛm we di ston kin kristaliz. If dɛn no di aktual mɔnt we di ston de kristaliz, di we aw dɛn de mɛzhɔ di redioaktiviti fɔ sɔpɔt dis infɔmeshɔn.

    Aw di we aw dɛn de mɛzhɔ di redioaktiviti dɔn go bifo pan dis tɛst? Nɔto rili fayn. Bɔku ɛgzampul dɛn de we de sho aw dɛn dɔn mɛzhɔ bɔku bɔku pipul dɛn ej, ivin bɔku bɔku ia frɔm fresh rɔk dɛn. Dis sho se di kɔnsɛntreshɔn we di ston dɛn gɛt nɔ nid fɔ gɛt ɛnitin fɔ du wit dɛn rial ej. Dɛn dɔn gɛt gyal pikin ɛlimɛnt dɛn apat frɔm di mama ɛlimɛnt dɛn frɔm di biginin, we de mek di mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn nɔ kin abop pan. Na sɔm ɛgzampul dɛn ya:

• SMƆL TƆK: Wan ɛgzampul na di mɛzhɔmɛnt we dɛn mek afta di Sɛnt Ɛlins volkeno bin bɔn - dis volkeno we de na di stet na Washinton, Amɛrika, bin bɔn insay 1980. Dɛn kɛr wan ston frɔm dis bɔm go na ɔfishal lɛbɔretri fɔ no in ej. Wetin di ston bin ol? Na bin 2.8 milyɔn ia! Dis sho aw bad bad wan di ej ditarminieshɔn bin rɔng. Di sampul bin dɔn gɛt gyal pikin ɛlimɛnt dɛn, so di sem tin pɔsibul fɔ ɔda ston dɛn. Di kɔnsɛntreshɔn dɛn nɔ kin sho di rial ej we di ston dɛn gɛt.

• SMƆL TƆK: Wan ɔda ɛgzampul na igneous rocks (Mount Ngauruhoe in New Zealand) we dɛn bin no se dɔn kristaliz frɔm lava jɔs 25-50 ia bifo as a rizulta fɔ wan volkeno erupshɔn. So biɛn am, na di tin dɛn we di wan dɛn we si di tin bin si.

      Dɛn bin sɛn sɛmpul dɛn fɔ dɛn rɔk dɛn ya fɔ mek dɛn no di tɛm to wan pan di kɔmɛshɔnal detin laboratori dɛn we dɛn rili rɛspɛkt (Geochron Laboratories, Cambridge, Massachusetts). Wetin na bin di tin dɛn we bin apin? Insay di potassium-argon we dɛn yuz, di ej fɔ di sampul dɛn bin difrɛn bitwin 270,000 ɛn 3.5 milyɔn ia, pan ɔl we dɛn bin no se di rɔk dɛn bin kristaliz frɔm lava jɔs 25-50 ia bifo. Di lid-lid isochron gi wan ej fɔ 3.9 bilyan ia, di rubidium-strontium isochron 133 milyɔn ia, ɛn di samarium-neodymium isochron 197 milyɔn ia. Di ɛgzampul sho aw dɛn nɔ kin abop pan redioaktiv we dɛn de yuz ɛn aw rɔk dɛn kin gɛt gyal pikin ɛlimɛnt dɛn frɔm di biginin.

• SMƆL TƆK: We i kam pan tin dɛn we mɔtalman dɔn fɛn, sɔm pan dɛn de bays pan di potashɔm-argon we. I min se dɛn dɔn disayd di ej fɔ di potash-argon pan di ston we de nia di fɔs, ɛn dɛn dɔn disayd bak di ej fɔ di mɔtalman fɔs.

    Bɔt di ɛgzampul we de kam biɛn ya de sho aw dɛn nɔ kin abop pan dis we fɔ du tin. Di fɔs rɔk sampul bin gi wan rizɔlt we nɔ smɔl pas 220 milyɔn ia. So we dɛn dɔn no bɔku mɔtalman fɔsɛl dɛn we dɛn tink se ol bay we dɛn yuz dis we, dɛn fɔ aks kwɛstyɔn bɔt dɛn ej ya. Di ɛgzampul we wi bin dɔn tɔk bɔt bin sho bak aw di ej we dɛn kin disayd fɔ fresh ston kin go rɔng fɔ bɔku bɔku ia we dɛn de yuz dis we.

Insay di tiori, dɛn kin yuz di potassium-argon we fɔ no di tɛm we yɔŋ ston dɛn, bɔt dɛn nɔ kin yuz ivin dis we fɔ no di tɛm we di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn dɛnsɛf. Dɛn bin disayd se di ol “1470 Man” we Richad Liki bin fɛn, dɔn ol 2.6 milyɔn ia bay dis we. Prɔfɛsɔ E. T. Hall, we bin disayd di ej, bin tɛl se di fɔs we aw dɛn bin analayz di ston sampul, dɛn bin gi di rizɔlt we nɔ pɔsibul fɔ 220 milyɔn ia. Dɛn nɔ bin gri wit dis rizɔlt, bikɔs i nɔ bin fit wit di evolushɔn tiori, ɛn dat mek dɛn bin analayz ɔda sampul. Di rizulyt fɔ di sɛkɔn analisis na bin "suitable" 2.6 milyɔn ia. Di ej dɛm we dɛn rayt fɔ sampul dɛm fɔ di sem tin we dɛn fɛn leta dɔn difrɛn bitwin 290,000 ɛn 19,500,000 ia. So, i tan lɛk se di we aw dɛn de yuz potashɔm-argon nɔ rili izi fɔ abop pan, ɛn di we aw pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt aw ɔltin kam bay chans nɔ de ɛksplen di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. (5) .

We di we aw dɛn de du tin nɔ gri wit dɛnsɛf . As wi bin dɔn tɔk, dɛn kin tɛst di mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn we dɛn tek frɔm ston. Wan statin point fכ dis na di mεzhɔmεnt dεm we dεn mek wit fresh ston dεm, dat na mεzjכmεnt dεm we dεn no di aktual mכment fכ kristalizεshכn fכ di ston dεm. Bɔt di ɛgzampul dɛn we wi bin dɔn tɔk bɔt, sho se dɛn we ya nɔ kin pas dis tɛst fayn fayn wan. Fresh ɔ fayn fayn rɔk dɛn dɔn gi pipul dɛn ej fɔ bɔku bɔku ia, ivin bɔku bɔku ia, so di we dɛn we dɛn de du tin dɔn mek mistek bad bad wan.

    Wan ɔda tin we dɛn kin bigin fɔ tɛst di mɛzhɔmɛnt dɛn we dɛn mek wit rɔk na fɔ kɔmpia dɛn wit ɔda we dɛn, mɔ di we aw dɛn kin yuz redio kabɔn. Ɛgzampul dɛn de we intrestin bɔt dis, ɛn di wan dɛn we de kam biɛn ya rili fayn. I de tɔk bɔt wan tik we dɛn bin dɔn yuz redio kabɔn, we dɛn se i jɔs ol bɔku bɔku tawzin ia, bɔt dɛn dɔn se di ston we de rawnd am ol te to 250 milyɔn ia. Bɔt di wud bin de insay di ston, so i go mɔs dɔn de bifo di ston krɔs. Di tik fɔ dɔn ol pas di ston we dɛn dɔn kristaliz rawnd am. Aw dis go pɔsibul? Di wangren tin we kin apin na dat di we aw dɛn de yuz redioaktiviti, mɔ di we aw dɛn de mɛzhɔ di ston dɛn, dɛn dɔn mek mistek bad bad wan. No ɔda tin nɔ de fɔ du:

Wi dɔn pablish ditayla ripɔt dɛm we wan tik we dɛn fɛn insay wan "250 milyɔn ia ol" sanbis ɔ insay wan volkeno rɔk "tɛn milyɔn ia ol" bin gɛt jɔs tawzin ia insay rediokabɔn ej ditɛminɛshɔn. We... Jiolojist dɛm tek sɛmpul dɛm fɔ volkeno rɔk, we dɛn no se i bin bɔn frɔm wan volkeno insay istri tɛm, ɛn sɛn dɛm to prestij rediomɛtrik ej ditɛminɛshɔn laboratori dɛm, di "ej ditɛminɛshɔn" ɔlmost ɔltɛm de gi rizɔlt fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Dis de sho tranga wan se di asɔmpshɔn dɛm we de ɔnda di ej ditarminɛshɔn nɔ kɔrɛkt. (6) .

Wan ɔda ɛgzampul kɔntinyu fɔ tɔk bɔt di sem tɔpik. I de tɔk bɔt wan tik we dɛn bin bɛr insay wan wata we gɛt lava. Di tik ɛn di basalt we bin de rawnd am bin gɛt difrɛn ej dɛn:

Insay Ɔstrelia, wan tik we dɛn fɛn na Tɛshari basalt bin bɛr am klia wan na di lava flɔ we di basalt bin mek, bikɔs i bin dɔn char we i kɔntakt wit di faya lava. Di wud bin "det" bay rediokabon analisis fɔ bi lɛk 45,000 ia ol, bɔt di basalt bin "det" bay di potashɔm-argon we fɔ 45 milyɔn ia ol. (7) .

2. Stratifikeshɔn rit - slo ɔ fast? Wan bakgrɔn asɔmpshɔn biɛn bɔku bɔku ia na dat di layers na di wɔl dɔn gɛda pan tap pan dɛnsɛf pan prɔses we de las fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Na Chals Layl bin kam wit dis aidia insay di ia 1900. Fɔ ɛgzampul, Darwin bin abop pan di mɔdel fɔ tink we Lyell bin tɔk bɔt. So, insay in buk we nem On the Origin of Species, i rayt aw di tin dɛn we Lyell bin de tink bɔt bin afɛkt am (p. 422): "Ɛnibɔdi we nɔ admit di lɔng we nɔ gɛt ɛnd fɔ di tɛm dɛn we dɔn pas afta i dɔn rid Sir Charles Lyell in wɔndaful wok we nem ‘Principles of Geology’ – we fiuja istri pipul dɛm go mɔs no se i dɔn briŋ rivɔlɔshɔn na di fild fɔ di natura sayns – i go fayn fɔ put dis buk we a rayt wan tɛm".

    Bɔt di strata dɛn dɔn fɔm sloslo? We Charles Lyell put di aidia se strata na di rizulyt fɔ slo prɔses, sɔm tin dɛn de tɔk agens dis. Na sɔm ɛgzampul dɛn ya

Mɔtalman fɔs ɛn guds . Wan intrestin tin we dɛn fɛn na dat dɛn dɔn fɛn mɔtalman fɔs ɛn guds ivin insay rɔk ɛn kabɔn strata (Glashouver, WJJ, So entstand die Welt, Hänssler, 1980, pp. 115-6; Bowden, M., Ape-men-Fact ɔ Fallacy ?Sovereign Publications, 1981 / Barnes, F. A., Di Kes fɔ di Bɔn dɛn na Ston, Dɛzat/Fɛbwari, 1975, pej 36-39). Semweso, dɛn dɔn fɛn mɔtalman tin dɛn lɛk dɛm na strata we dɛn klas as kol. Insay in buk we nem Time Upside Down (1981), Ɛrich A. Fɔn Frɛnj bin rayt mɔ tin dɛn we dɛn kin fɛn insay kol. Dɛn tin ya na wan smɔl stɛl kiub, ayɛn hama, ayɛn inschrumɛnt, nel, mɛtal tin we tan lɛk bɛl, bɛl, pikin in jawbon, mɔtalman skel, tu mɔtalman molar, mɔtalman fut we dɛn dɔn fɛn.

   Wetin dis min? I sho se di strata dɛn we dɛn kin tek as ol ol, infakt, na jɔs sɔm tawzin ia ol ɛn dɛn nɔ bin fɔ dɔn tek lɔng tɛm fɔ mek. di kכnsepshכn we Lyell in kכnsεpshכn fכ di akumulεshכn כf strata pan tכp כf wan כda כva milyan milyan ia nכ kin ol tru. I mek sɛns fɔ biliv se bɔku pan dɛn strata ya, we dɛn dɔn tek as ɔndrɛd milyɔn ia ol, bin fɔm insay wan bad bad tin lɛk di Flɔd kwik kwik wan ɛn jɔs sɔm tawzin ia bifo dis tɛm. Di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans dɛnsɛf nɔ biliv se mɔtalman bin dɔn liv tɛn ɔ ɔndrɛd milyɔn ia bifo dis tɛm.

Nɔ eroshɔn nɔ de . Fɔ ɛgzampul, we yu luk di Grand Canyon ɛn ɔda big big say dɛn we de na di wɔl, yu kin si di strata dɛn we de ɔp dɛnsɛf. Bɔt we bɔku tin dɛn de we de ɔvalap na di Grɛnd Kaniɔn ɛn ɔda say dɛn, yu tink se dɛn kin si di eroshɔn bitwin dɛn strata dɛn ya?

    Di ansa klia: nɔ. Dɛn nɔ kin si eroshɔn na di Grand Canyon ɔ ɛni ɔda say. difrεnt frכm dat, i tan lεk se di strata dεm kכnekt wit dεn wan dεm kwik kwik wan εn dεn dכn fכm pan tap pan dεn wan dεm we nכ bכn. Di intafeys dɛm fɔ di layers fɔ bi mɔ jagged ɛn nɔ ivin ɔlsay if erosion bin dɔn afɛkt dɛn fɔ lɔng tɛm, bɔt dis nɔto so. Fɔ ɛgzampul, wan ebi ebi ren nɔmɔ kin mek dip grov dɛn na di say dɛn we di dɔti dɛn de, ɛn wi nɔ fɔ tɔk bɔt bɔku bɔku ia we dɛn dɔn de na di say dɛn we di wata de rɔn.

    Di bɛst ɛksplen fɔ di fɔmɛshɔn fɔ dipɔsit na dat dɛn dɔn fɔm insay shɔt tɛm, na jɔs sɔm dez ɔ wiks nɔmɔ. Bɔku bɔku ia nɔ go ebul fɔ bi tru. Ivin insay wi yon tɛm, dɛn dɔn si se, fɔ ɛgzampul, wan layt we tik lɛk sanbis kin fɔm insay 30 to 60 minit. Mɔ bɔt di tɔpik na di kot we de dɔŋ ya:

   (...) Bɔt wetin wi de fɛn insted?

    'Di prɔblɛm we dɛn flat gap ya spɛshal fɔ di lɔng jiolojikal ej na di lɔk fɔ eroshɔn pan di ɔndalayn we dɛn de ɛkspɛkt na dɛn gap ya.' Ova di plɛnti milyɔn ia we dɛn postulat fɔ dɛn gap ya, yu go ɛkspɛkt fɔ pronɔns irɛgyula eroshɔn, ɛn di gap dɛn nɔ fɔ flat atɔl.

  (...) Dɔktɔ Roth ɛksplen mɔ as:

    'Di strɛch kɔntrast bitwin di flat patɛn fɔ di layers, mɔ di tɔp dɛm fɔ di ɔndalayn dɛm fɔ di bɔku parakonfɔriti dɛm, we yu kɔmpia am wit di eroded highly irregular topography of di present surface of di region, de sho di prɔblɛm we dɛn gap ya de mek fɔ di lɔng jiolojikal ej dɛm.' If di bɔku bɔku ia dɛn bin dɔn rili apin, wetin mek di tɔp dɛn pan di ɔndalayn dɛn nɔ rili irɛgyula lɛk aw i de fɔ di prɛsɛn tɔpografi na di rijyɔn? I tan lɛk se di bɔku bɔku ia we dɛn bin dɔn tɔk bɔt fɔ di jiolojikal kɔlɔn nɔ ɛva apin. Dɔn bak, if di tɛm we di wɔl de, nɔ de na wan say, dat min se i nɔ de ɔlsay na di wɔl.’ (8) .

Strata bin fɔm kwik kwik wan insay di tɛm we wi de naw . We dɛn dɔn tink se di strata dɛn bin fɔm sloslo fɔ bɔku bɔku ia akɔdin to wetin Chals Layl bin tich, sɔm prɛktikal ɔbshɔbishɔn dɛn de agens am, usay di strata dɛn dɔn fɔm kwik kwik wan. Fɔ ɛgzampul, we i kam pan di volkeno we di Sɛnt Ɛlɛna bin bɔn insay 1980, dɛn bin mek bɔku bɔku say dɛn we bin tik pas wan ɔndrɛd mita, ɛn insay jɔs sɔm wiks. I nɔ bin tek bɔku bɔku ia, bɔt insay sɔm dez, di strata dɛn bin gɛda pan dɛnsɛf. Wetin bin rili wɔndaful bak na dat, leta dɛn bin mek wan kanyon na di sem eria, ɛn wata bigin fɔ flɔ insay de. Ivin dis tin we bin de apin nɔ bin tek bɔku bɔku ia, lɛk aw di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt aw ɔltin kam bay chans go dɔn tink, bɔt ɔltin bin apin insay sɔm wiks. Wi fɔ tek am se, fɔ ɛgzampul, di Grɛnd Kaniɔn ɛn sɔm ɔda big big natura l fɔmɛshɔn dɛn dɔn bigin frɔm di sem kayn tin dɛn we kin apin kwik kwik wan.

    Surtsey Island na ɔda kayn kes we fiba dis. Dis ayland bin bɔn bikɔs ɔf wan volkeno we bin bɔn ɔnda wata insay 1963. Insay Janwari 2006, di Nyu Sayntis magazin bin tɔk bɔt aw kanyon, gɔj ɛn ɔda land fɔm dɛn bin apia na dis ayland insay lɛs tɛn ia. I nɔ bin tek bɔku bɔku ia ɔ ivin bɔku bɔku ia:

Di kanyon, ravin ɛn ɔda kayn grɔn, we kin tek tɛn tawzin ɔ milyɔn ia fɔ mek, dɔn mek di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di wɔl sɔprayz bikɔs dɛn mek dɛn insay lɛs tɛn ia. (9) .

Lɔng tik trɔnk fɔs, dainosaur fɔs ɛn ɔda fɔs na di strata na wan pruf agens da noshɔn de se di strata dɛn bin fɔm sloslo ɛn fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Dɛn dɔn fɛn di fɔs tin dɛn we de na di tik dɛn frɔm difrɛn say dɛn na di wɔl, we de go tru sɔm difrɛn strata dɛn. Wan ol foto we de sho di kol mayn we dɛn kɔl Saint-Etienne na Frans, sho aw fayv tik dɛn we dɔn mek ston kin go insay ɛni wan pan di wan dɛn we gɛt lɛk tɛn layers ɔ mɔ. Semweso, dɛn dɔn fɛn wan tik we lɔng 24 mita nia Ɛdinbɔg, we pas pas tɛn layers, ɛn ɔltin sho se dɛn kɛr di trɔnk go na in ples kwik kwik wan. akɔdin to di evolushɔn we dɛn de si, di strata dɛn fɔ ol bɔku bɔku ia, bɔt pan ɔl we ɔltin de, di tik dɛn we de na di tik dɛn de go tru dɛn "milyɔn ia" ol strata ya.

    Di ɛgzampul we de kam biɛn ya de sho aw i prɔblɛm fɔ stik to slo stratifikeshɔn fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Dɛn go dɔn bɛr di tik dɛn kwik kwik wan, if nɔto dat, dɛn fɔstɛm tin dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ de tide. Na di sem tin kin apin to ɔda fɔs fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn kin fɛn na di grɔn:

Dɛrik ager, we na prɔfɛsɔ ɛmɛritas fɔ jioloji na Swansea Yunivasiti Kɔlej, we lan bɔt strikt Lyell in yunifomitarianism, i tɔk bɔt sɔm mɔltilayer fɔs tik trɔnk dɛn na in buk wit ɛgzampul dɛn. "If dɛn se di ɔl tik we di British Kol Mɛzhɔ dɛn kol dipɔsit gɛt na 1000 mita, ɛn se i fɔ dɔn fɔm insay lɛk 10 milyɔn ia, den fɔ bɛr wan tik we lɔng 10 mita fɔ dɔn tek 100,000 ia, if wi tek am se na so." di stratifikeshɔn bin apin pan wan kɔnstant rit.Dat go bi ridikul.Ɔda we de fɔ du dat, if dɛn bin dɔn bɛr tik we lɔng 10 mita insay 10 ia, dis go min 1000 kilomita insay wan milyɔn ia ɔ 10 000 kilomita insay 10 milyɔn ia.Dis na jɔs lɛk ridikul, ɛn wi nɔ go ebul fɔ avɔyd fɔ kam to di kɔnklushɔn se stratifikeshɔn dɔn rili apin rili kwik sɔntɛnde... (10)

So, wetin di tin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mek tik dɛn ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn we kin kɔmɔt na di tik dɛn kwik kwik wan, de tɔk bɔt? Di bɛst ɛksplen na di sɔdɛn katastrof, we de ɛksplen ɔl tu di kwik we aw di dipɔsit dɛn de kɔmɔt ɛn di fɔs tin dɛn we de insay dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dis kin apin insay di Ebi Ebi Ren. I fayn fɔ no se bɔku sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn bigin fɔ gri se disasta dɛn kin apin trade, ɛn dɛn nɔ kin tek am igen se ɔltin dɔn apin ɔltɛm fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm. Di pruf dɛn de sɔpɔt mɔ disasta dɛn pas di tin dɛn we de apin sloslo. Wan man we nem Stivin Jay Gould, we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi ɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, tɔk bɔt di risach we Lyell bin du:

Charles Lyell na bin lɔya bay in wok... [ɛn i] yuz tu kɔni we fɔ mek i establish in yunifomitarian we fɔ si am as di wangren tru tru jioloji. Fɔs, i sɛt wan straw mannequin so dat i go pwɛl am... Infakt, di wan dɛn we bin de sɔpɔt katastrofism bin rili gɛt mɔ ɛkspirimɛnt pas Lyell. Fɔ tru, i tan lɛk se di tin dɛn we de na di wɔl nid fɔ gɛt natura disasta: di rɔk dɛn skata ɛn twist; ɔl di ɔrganizm dɛn dɔn dɔn. Fɔ ignore dis rial manifestɔ, Lyell bin riples di pruf wit in imajineshɔn. Sɛkɔn, Lyell in yunifom na jumble of klem...

 ... Lyell nɔto bin klin nayt fɔ trut ɛn fil wok, bɔt na bin pɔsin we bin de mek pipul dɛn no bɔt wan ɛnchantin ɛn pekul tiori we bin ankɔr insay di stedi stet fɔ di saykl fɔ tɛm. Wit di we aw i sabi tɔk, i bin tray fɔ ikwal in tiori wit rationality ɛn sincerity. (11) .

As wi bin dɔn tɔk, di ɔda we we dɛn go ebul fɔ bɔn bɔku pan di strata dɛn na disasta lɛk di Flɔd. Wetin na di jiolojikal chɔt we dɛn ɛksplen bay bɔku bɔku ia, ɔ sɔntɛm bɔku bad bad tin dɛn, ɔl kin kɔmɔt frɔm wan ɛn di sem bad bad tin: di Flɔd. I kin ɛksplen aw di dainosaur dɛn dɔn pwɛl, di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn ɛn bɔku ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn si na di grɔn.

    Fɔ ɛgzampul, bɔku tɛm dɛn kin si dayninɔs insay had rɔk dɛn, ɛn i kin tek sɔm ia fɔ pul wan tin we dɛn dɔn fɛn frɔm di rɔk. Bɔt aw dɛn bin go insay di had rɔk dɛn? Di wangren rizin we mek dɛn ɛksplen am na dat, sɔft dɔti bin de kam pan dɛn ɛn afta dat i bin at. Dis kayn tin nɔ de apin ɛnisay tide, bɔt insay disasta lɛk di wata we bin de rɔn, i bin fɔ dɔn pɔsibul. I fayn fɔ no se dɛn dɔn fɛn lɛk 500 tin dɛn we dɛn rayt trade trade ɔlsay na di wɔl, ɛn dɛn se di Ebi Ebi Ren bin kam na di Wɔl.

     Gud rizin fɔ se na di Flɔd spɛshal wan mek di disasta na bak bikɔs di sidimɛnt dɛn we de na di si bɔku ɔlsay na di wɔl, lɛk aw di kot dɛn we de kam biɛn ya sho. Di fɔs wan pan di kɔmɛnt dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm wan buk we Jems Hutton, we na di papa fɔ jioloji, rayt, we i rayt pas 200 ia bifo dis tɛm:

Wi fɔ dɔn se ɔl di layt dɛn na di wɔl (...) na san ɛn grɔn we bin dɔn gɛda pan di si, di krɛs shel dɛn ɛn kɔral mat, grɔn ɛn kle bin mek am. (J. Hutton, Di Tiori bɔt di Wɔl l, 26. 1785)

J. S. Shelton: Na di kɔntinɛnt dɛn, marin sedimɛnt rɔk dɛn de fa fawe ɛn dɛn de ɔlsay pas ɔl ɔda sedimɛnt rɔk dɛn we dɛn put togɛda. Dis na wan pan dɛn simpul tin dɛn de we nid fɔ ɛksplen, bikɔs i de na di at fɔ ɔltin we gɛt fɔ du wit di kɔntinyu we mɔtalman de tray fɔ ɔndastand di chenj we de apin na di wɔl we bin de trade. (J. S. Shelton: Jioloji gɛt pikchɔ dɛn)

Wan ɔda tin we sho se di Flɔd bin kam na di si we dɛn bin dɔn fɛn tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn na di si na ay ay mawnten dɛn lɛk di Himalayas, di Alps ɛn di Andes. Na sɔm ɛgzampul dɛn frɔm sayɛnsman dɛn ɛn di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di wɔl dɛn yon buk dɛn:

We i bin de travul na di Bigl, Darwin insɛf bin fɛn si-shɛl dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn frɔm ay ay ples na di Andin Mawnt dɛn. I sho se, wetin naw na mawnten bin de ɔnda wata trade. (Jerry A. Coyne: Miksi evoluutio on totta [Wetin mek evolushɔn na tru], pej 127)

Rizin de fɔ luk gud wan pan di fɔs we aw di rɔk dɛn we de na di mawnten dɛn bin de. Yu kin si am fayn fayn wan na di Alps, na di laym Alps na di nɔt, we dɛn kɔl Hɛlvetian zon. Laymston na di men tin we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mek rɔk. We wi luk di rɔk ya na di stip slop ɔ na di tɔp pan mawnten - if wi bin gɛt di ɛnaji fɔ klaym ɔp de - wi go dɔn fɛn animal dɛn we lɛf, animal fɔs, insay de. Bɔku tɛm dɛn kin pwɛl bad bad wan bɔt i pɔsibul fɔ fɛn sɔm pat dɛn we pɔsin kin no. Ɔl dɛn fɔs fɔs tin dɛn de na laym shɔɛl ɔ skel dɛn we gɛt tin dɛn we de na di si. Sɔm pan dɛn, amɔnayt dɛn de we gɛt spiral-trɛd, ɛn mɔ bɔku klam dɛn we gɛt tu shel. (...) Di wan we de rid kin wɔnda na dis tɛm wetin i min se mawnten dɛn de ol bɔku bɔku sedimɛnt dɛn, we yu kin si bak we dɛn stratified na di bɔt ɔf di si. (p. 236,237 "Muttuva maa", Pɛnti Ɛskola)

Harutaka Sakai we kɔmɔt na di Japan Yunivasiti na Kyushu dɔn de du risach fɔ bɔku ia fɔ dɛn tin ya we dɛn dɔn fɛn na di si na di Himalaya Mawnt dɛn. In ɛn in grup dɔn rayt wan ol akwariɔm frɔm di Mɛsozoik tɛm. Si lili dɛn we nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ trɛnk, we gɛt fambul to di si ɔchin ɛn sta fish dɛn we de naw, de na rɔk wɔl dɛn we pas tri kilomita ɔp di si. Ammonites, belemnites, corals ɛn plankton dɛn kin si as fɔs fɔs na di rɔk dɛn na di mawnten dɛn (...)

   We i bin de tu kilomita, pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di wɔl bin fɛn wan say we di si insɛf lɛf. I rɔk we tan lɛk wef kɔrɛkt to di fɔm dɛn we de lɛf na di san frɔm wef dɛn we nɔ gɛt bɔku wata. Ivin frɔm di ed pat na Everest, dɛn kin si yɔlɔ strip dɛn we gɛt laymston, we bin kɔmɔt ɔnda wata frɔm di tin dɛn we lɛf pan bɔku bɔku animal dɛn we de na di si. ("Maapalɔ ihmeiden planɛta", pej 55)

Aw yu go jɔstify se layf dɔn de na di Wɔl fɔ bɔku bɔku ia?

Tu tin dɛn dɔn rayz ɔp we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pruv tɛm fɔ bɔku bɔku ia: mɛzhɔmɛnt fɔ redioaktiv rɔk dɛn ɛn di rit we dɛn de stratifikeshɔn. Dɛn bin kam fɔ no se dɛn ɔl tu nɔ bin pruv se di lɔng tɛm we dɛn bin tek fɔ lɔng tɛm na tru. Di prɔblɛm wit di mɛzhɔmɛnt we dɛn mek pan ston na dat, kɔmplit fresh ston dɛn dɔn ɔlrɛdi gɛt gyal pikin ɛlimɛnt dɛn ɛn so dɛn kin luk ol. Strata nɔ de tɔk bak bɔt bɔku bɔku ia bikɔs dɛn dɔn fɛn mɔtalman guds, ivin fɔs mɔtalman bɔdi, na strata we dɛn bin de tek as ol, ɛn bikɔs pruf de tide fɔ se strata de gɛda kwik kwik wan pan dɛnsɛf. I izi fɔ aks kwɛstyɔn bɔt bɔku bɔku ia we wi tink bɔt dɛn tin ya.

    Wetin wi go se bɔt di we aw layf tan na dis wɔl? Dɛn kin tɛl wi bɔku tɛm na di nature program, skul buk ɛn ɔda say dɛn se kɔmpleks layf dɔn de na di wɔl fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Yu tink se i fayn fɔ abop pan dis we aw pipul dɛn de tink? We i kam pan dis, yu fɔ pe atɛnshɔn to dɛn pɔynt dɛn ya:

Nɔbɔdi nɔ go ebul fɔ no di ej fɔ di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn . Fɔs, dɛn fɔ pe atɛnshɔn to di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. Na dɛn wangren tin we lɛf pan layf we wi bin dɔn liv trade, ɛn wi nɔ gɛt ɛni ɔda tin we wi go ebul fɔ yuz.

     Bɔt yu tink se i pɔsibul fɔ no frɔm di fɔstɛm tin dɛn we dɛn ol? I pɔsibul fɔ no se ɔda fɔs fɔs tin we dɔn ol ɔ yɔŋ pas ɔda wan bad bad wan? Di ansa klia: i nɔ pɔsibul fɔ no dis. If dɛn dig ɛni fɔs fɔs na grɔn, ɛgz., dainosaur bon ɔ trilobite fɔs, dɛn nɔ de rayt bɔt in ej ɛn ustɛm i dɔn alayv na di wɔl. Wi nɔ go ebul fɔ no dɛn kayn tin dɛn de frɔm am. Ɛnibɔdi we pik wan fɔs tin we dɛn dɔn fɛn kin notis dis. (Di sem tin kin apin to ɛgz., kev peint. Sɔm risach pipul dɛn kin tink se dɛn ol tɛn tawzin ia, bɔt dɛnsɛf nɔ de sho ɛni sayn lɛk dat. Fɔ tru, dɛn kin rili ol sɔm tawzin ia nɔmɔ.)

    Pan ɔl we ɔltin de, wan men tin we pipul dɛn kin tink bɔt na di tiori bɔt aw ɔltin kam bay chans na dat dɛn kin no dɛn ej ya. Pan ɔl we di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn sɛf nɔ de tɛl ɔ sho ɛni infɔmeshɔn, bɔku pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans kin tɔk se dɛn no ustɛm dɛn bin de (di tin we dɛn kɔl indeks fɔs tebul). Dɛn tink se dɛn gɛt difrɛn infɔmeshɔn bɔt di rayt stej dɛn we di amɔnayt, trilɔbayt, dayninɔs, mami ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we de na di wɔl de, pan ɔl we i nɔ pɔsibul fɔ tink bɔt ɛnitin lɛk dat frɔm di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn ɛn di say dɛn we dɛn de.

No man nɔ de na dis Wɔl we no inof bɔt rɔk ɛn fɔs fɔs fɔ ebul fɔ pruv ɛni we se wan patikyula kayn fɔs fɔs rili impɔtant ɔ yɔŋ pas ɔda kayn. In ɔda wɔd, nɔbɔdi nɔ de we go rili pruv se wan trilobite frɔm di Kambrian tɛm ol pas wan dainosaur frɔm di Kritays tɛm ɔ wan mammal frɔm di Tɛshari tɛm. Jioloji na ɛnitin pas wan ɛksaktɔl sayɛns. (12) .

We dɛn dig fɔs fɔs na grɔn, di sem prɔblɛm kin apin to mamɔt ɛn dainosaur fɔs. Aw di difrɛn we aw dɛn de apin na di wɔl go rayt if di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn ɔl tu gɛt, tan lɛk se dɛn de insay gud kɔndishɔn ɛn nia di wɔl, lɛk aw dɛn kin si dɛn bɔku tɛm? Aw pɔsin go tɔk se dainosaur fɔs ol 65 milyɔn ia pas mamut ɔ mɔtalman fɔs if dɛn ɔl tu de fayn fayn wan? Di ansa na dat, nɔbɔdi nɔ gɛt da kayn infɔmeshɔn de. Ɛnibɔdi we se ɔda tin de go na di sayd we i de imajin.

     So wetin mek sayɛnsman dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de biliv se wan dayninɔs fɔs ol fɔ lɛk 65 milyɔn ia so pas wan big big tin we dɛn kɔl mammoth? Di men rizin fɔ dis na di jiolojikal tɛm chɔt, we dɛn bin pripia insay di 19t sɛntinari, dat na lɔng bifo dɛn bin dɔn mek di rediokabɔn we ɔ ɔda redioaktiviti we dɛn de yuz, fɔ ɛgzampul. Dɛn kin disayd di ej fɔ di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn bay dis tɛm chɔt, bikɔs dɛn kin tek am se di tiori we Darwin bin tɔk kɔrɛkt ɛn difrɛn grup dɛn pan di spisis dɛn dɔn apia na di wɔl difrɛn tɛm dɛn. So dɛn biliv se layf bigin na di si, so dat fɔs, wan simpul primitiv sɛl bin de, dɔn animal dɛn we de na di si bin de apia, dɔn leta fish, dɔn frog dɛn we de liv nia di wata, dɔn reptayl dɛn ɛn las las bɔd ɛn mami ɛn dadi biznɛs. Dɛn biliv se evolushɔn dɔn go bifo dis kayn we, . ɛn dɛn bin mek di jiolojikal tɛm chɔt insay di 19t sɛntinari fɔ dis, we ivin tide de sho di we aw sayɛnsman dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, de ɛksplen di ej fɔ di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. Dɛn nɔ gɛt ɛni ɔda jɔstis fɔ di ej we di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn dɔn ol.

   So di jiolojikal tɛm chɔt de bays pan di aidia fɔ evolushɔn smɔl smɔl, we na wan bɛsik prɛkɔndishɔn fɔ di tiori bɔt ɛvolushɔn. Bɔt di prɔblɛm na dat, dɛn nɔ ɛva si ɛni evolushɔn smɔl smɔl na di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn we go pruv se di tebul we de na di wɔl kɔrɛkt. Ivin wan man we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, we nem Richad Dɔkins, dɔn gri wit di sem tin insay in buk we nem Sokea Kelloseppä (s. 240,241, The Blind Watchmaker): “ Frɔm Dawin , pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, dɔn no se di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn we dɛn arenj di we aw dɛn rayt di tɛm we dɛn rayt di Baybul, nɔto smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn mek chenj dɛn we pɔsin kin notis. ” Semweso, wan man we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, we nem Stivin Jey Gould we de stɔdi bɔt aw pipul dɛn bin de liv trade trade, bin tɔk se: “A nɔ want ɛni we fɔ smɔl di pɔtnɛshɛl kɔmpɛtɛnshɔn we di we aw pipul dɛn de si di evolushɔn smɔl smɔl. A jɔs want fɔ tɔk se dɛn nɔ ɛva ‘de si am’ na rɔk dɛn.” (13).

   Wetin wi kin dɔn frɔm di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt? If no divɛlɔpmɛnt nɔ bin dɔn de smɔl smɔl, dɛn kin aks kwɛstyɔn bɔt di ej ɛstimat dɛm fɔ di jiolojikal tɛm chɔt ɛn di asɔmpshɔn se difrɛn grup dɛm fɔ spisis dɔn apia na di wɔl difrɛn tɛm dɛm. No rizin nɔ de fɔ mek pipul dɛn tink dis kayn tin. Bifo dat, i mek sɛns fɔ tink se ɔl di grup dɛn we bin de bifo pan di spisis dɛn bin dɔn de na di wɔl fɔs di sem tɛm, bɔt na difrɛn say dɛn we di ikɔlɔjik de, bikɔs sɔm pan dɛn dɔn bi animal dɛn we de na di si, ɔda wan dɛn na animal dɛn we de na grɔn, ɛn ɔda wan dɛn we de bitwin dɛn. Apat frɔm dat, sɔm spisis lɛk dainosaur ɛn trilobites, we dɛn bin tek ɔl tu as indeks fɔs, dɔn dɔnawe wit dɛn. No rizin nɔ de fɔ biliv se sɔm kayn animal dɛn rili ol ɔ yɔŋ pas ɔda wan dɛn. Nɔbɔdi nɔ go ebul fɔ tɔk dis kayn tin bay di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn.

    Fɔsɛl dɛn we gɛt layf - ɔrganizm dɛn we fɔ dɔn day bɔku bɔku ia bifo, bɔt dɛn dɔn si se dɛn stil de alayv tide - na pruf bak se bɔku bɔku ia dɛn nɔ fɔ trɔst. Fɔ tru, bɔku bɔku tin dɛn de we dɛn dɔn fɛn lɛk dis. Di Jaman sayɛnsman we nem Dɔktɔ Joachim Scheven in myuziɔm gɛt pas 500 ɛgzampul dɛn bɔt dis kayn tin we gɛt layf. Wan ɛgzampul na di coelacanth bak, we dɛn bin biliv se dɔn day 65 milyɔn ia bifo, dat na di sem tɛm we di dainosaur dɛn bin day. Bɔt, dɛn dɔn fɛn dis fish layf layf wan insay wi yon tɛm, so usay i dɔn de ayd fɔ 65 milyɔn ia? Wan ɔda tin, ɛn we go mɔs bi se, na dat, bɔku bɔku ia nɔ ɛva de.

Wetin mek dayninɔs nɔ bin liv bɔku bɔku ia bifo ? Di paregraf dɛn we bin dɔn pas bin sho se i nɔ pɔsibul fɔ no di rayt ej we di fɔstɛm dɛn gɛt. Dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ pruv bak se di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn pan trilobit, dayninɔs ɔ mamɔt, fɔ ɛgzampul, difrɛn pan dɛn ej. No sayɛns pruf nɔ de fɔ dis, bɔt dɛn spisis ya kin dɔn liv wan tɛm na di wɔl, bɔt na difrɛn ikɔlɔjik kɔmpawtmɛnt dɛn nɔmɔ, lɛk se naw na marin, mash, ɔpland ɛn mawnten zon dɛn de bak wit dɛn animal ɛn plant dɛn.

    Wetin wi go se bɔt layf na di wɔl fɔ bɔku bɔku ia, as dɛn kin tɛl wi bɔku tɛm insay nature program ɔ ɔda say dɛn? Dis kwɛshɔn na di bɛst we fɔ aproch am tru di rediokabɔn we bikɔs i kin mɛzhɔ di ej fɔ ɔrganik sɛmpul dɛn. Ɔda we dɛn we dɛn kin yuz redioaktiv we dɛn kin mɛzhɔ, dɛn kin yuz rɔk dɛn, bɔt dɛn kin yuz di redio kabon we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mɛzhɔ dairekt frɔm tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. Di ɔfishal haf layf fɔ dis tin na 5730 ia, so i nɔ fɔ apin atɔl afta 100,000 ia.

    Wetin wi go se bɔt dayninɔs? Di big dibat na dis eria na bɔt dayninɔs. I tan lɛk se dɛn kin intres pipul dɛn, ɛn bay dɛn dɔn tray fɔ jɔstify bɔku bɔku ia na di wɔl. Dɛn na ivanjelis dɛn fɔ evolushɔnist dɛn we dɛn kin briŋ kam we nid de we i kam pan bɔku bɔku ia.

   Bɔt, bɔt. As wi bin dɔn no, di ej we dɛn de disayd di dainosaur dɛn na bays pan wan jiolojikal tɛm chɔt we dɛn bin kɔmpilayt insay di 1800s, we dɛn dɔn si se i nɔ kɔrɛkt bɔku tɛm. No sayɛns pruf nɔ de fɔ se dayninɔs dɛn ol pas, fɔ ɛgzampul, mamut ɛn ɔda animal dɛn we dɔn day. Na sɔm simpul tin dɛn we wi dɔn si we sho se dayninɔs nɔ dɔn dɔn fɔ bɔku bɔku ia bifo ɛn bɔku pan di kayn animal dɛn we de naw dɔn liv di sem tɛm wit dɛn.

• SMƆL TƆK: Di mɔdan spisis dɛn dɔn liv di sem tɛm wit dainosaur. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt aw tin dɛn we de apin na di wɔl de tɔk ɔltɛm bɔt di tɛm we di dainosaur dɛn bin de bikɔs, akɔdin to di tiori bɔt evolushɔn, dɛn biliv se difrɛn grup dɛn pan animal dɛn bin apia na di wɔl difrɛn tɛm dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn tink se bɔd dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm dayninɔs, ɛn dat mek dayninɔs dɛn go dɔn apia na di wɔl bifo bɔd dɛn. Semweso, dɛn kin tink se di fɔs animal dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn milk nɔ bin apia na di wɔl te di dayninɔs tɛm dɔn.

    Bɔt di wɔd dayninɔs tɛm de mek pipul dɛn nɔ no di tru bikɔs frɔm dayninɔs strata dɛn dɔn fɛn di sem kayn animal dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn insay di tɛm we wi de naw: tɔl, krokodail, king boa, skwakul, biva, badja, ɛjhɔg, shak, wata bich, kɔkrɔch, bi, mɔsul, . kɔral, aligatɔ, kayman, bɔd dɛn we de naw, animal dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn milk. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn biliv se bɔd dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm dayninɔs, bɔt dɛn dɔn si di sem bɔd dɛn na di dainosaur strata dɛn lɛk aw dɛn de tide: parrot, dɔk, dreke, loon, flamingo, ɔwl, pɔngwin, shorebird, albatros, kɔmɔrant, ɛn avocet. Bay 2000, dɛn bin dɔn rɛjista pas wan ɔndrɛd difrɛn fɔs fɔs bɔd dɛn we de naw frɔm Kritays strata. Fɔ dɛn tin ya we dɛn dɔn fɛn, dɛn dɔn tɛl am ɛgz., insay Carl Werner in buk “Living Fossils”. Fɔ 14 ia, i bin du risach pan fɔsɛl frɔm di tɛm we di dainosaur bin de, i kam fɔ no di paleontological profeshɔnal buk dɛn, . ɛn i bin go na 60 myuziɔm dɛn we de tɔk bɔt natura sayɛns ɔlsay na di wɔl, ɛn i bin tek lɛk 60,000 foto dɛn. Dɔktɔ Werner dɔn tɔk se:"Myuziɔm dɛn nɔ de sho dɛn bɔd dɛn ya tide, ɛn dɛn nɔ de drɔ dɛn na pikchɔ dɛn we de sho di say dɛn we dayninɔs de. I nɔ rayt. Bes wan, ɛnitɛm we dɛn sho wan T. Rɛks ɔ Trisɛratɔps na miusiɔm ɛgzibit, dɔk, lɔn, flamingo, ɔ sɔm." pan dɛn ɔda mɔdan bɔd ya we dɛn dɔn fɛn na di sem strata wit dainosaur dɛn fɔ pikchɔ bak.Bɔt dat nɔ kin apin.A nɔ ɛva si dɔk wit dainosaur na natura istri myusiɔm, nɔto so?Wan ɔwl?A parɔt?"

   Wetin wi kin pul frɔm di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt? Fɔ tru, bɔd dɛn dɔn liv di sem tɛm wit dayninɔs, ɛn no rizin nɔ de fɔ biliv se frɔm am, i go tek tɛn milyɔn ia.

    Wetin wi go se bɔt animal dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn milk? Akɔdin to sɔm ɛstimat, dɛn dɔn si se at le 432 mammal spɛshal dɛn de liv togɛda wit dainosaur ( Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Kielan, Cifelli, RL, ɛn Luo, ZX, Mammal frɔm di Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution and Structure, Columbia Yunivasiti Prɛs, NY, 2004) . Semweso, dɛn dɔn fɛn dayninɔs bon dɛn bitwin bon dɛn we tan lɛk ɔs, kaw, ɛn ship bon dɛn (Anderson, A., Tourism falls victim to tyrannosaurus, Nature, 1989, 338, 289 / Daynɔsɔs kin dɔn day kwayɛt wan afta ɔl, 1984, New Scientist, 104, 9.) , so dainosaur ɛn mammal go dɔn liv di sem tɛm.

   Dɔn bak, insay wan vidio intavyu wit Carl Werner, we na di wan we de kia fɔ di Utah Museum of Prehistory, Dɔktɔ Dɔnal Bɔj, i bin ɛksplen se: “Wi kin fɛn animal dɛn we gɛt mami ɛn dadi biznɛs na lɛk ɔl di say dɛn we wi kin dig fɔ di dainosaur dɛn. Wi gɛt tɛn tan bentonite kle we gɛt mami ɛn dadi biznɛs, ɛn wi de du fɔ gi dɛn to ɔda pipul dɛn we de du risach. Nɔto bikɔs wi nɔ go si dɛn impɔtant, bɔt bikɔs layf shɔt, ɛn a nɔ spɛshal pan mami ɛn dadi biznɛs: a dɔn spɛshal pan reptayl ɛn dainosaur”. Dɛn kayn tin ya we dɛn dɔn si sho se di spisis dɛn we kɔmɔt na ɔl di animal grup dɛn dɔn liv wan tɛm ɔltɛm, bɔt na difrɛn ikɔlɔjik kɔmpawtmɛnt dɛn nɔmɔ. Sɔm pan di kayn animal dɛn lɛk dayninɔs, dɔn dɔnawe wit dɛn. Ivin tide, difrɛn kayn animal dɛn de day.

• SMƆL TƆK: Sɔft tisu dɛn de tɔk bɔt shɔt tɛm . Dɛn bin dɔn tɔk bifo tɛm se di tɛm we di dainosaur dɛn de, na bays mɔ pan wan 19th sɛntinari jiolojikal tɛm chɔt usay dɛn biliv se dainosaur dɛn dɔn dɔn 65 milyɔn ia bifo.

   Dainosaur fɔs dɛn kin smɛl bak we dɔn rɔtin. Wan sayɛnsman we nem Jɛk Ɔna we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, bin tɔk bɔt wan big say we dɛn fɛn dayninɔs fɔs dɛn se “ɔl di bon dɛn na Ɛl Krik de smɛl.” Aw bon dɛn kin smɛl afta tɛn milyɔn ia? If dɛn bin dɔn ol so, fɔ tru, ɔl di smel fɔ dɔn lɛf dɛn bay naw.

    Wetin di wan dɛn we de du risach fɔ du? I go fayn fɔ lɛf di jiolojikal tɛm chɔt we dɛn bin dɔn mek insay di 19t sɛntinari ɛn pe atɛnshɔn dairekt pan di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. if stil sכft tisu dεm, protin dεm, DNA εn redio kabon de we lεf insay dεm, i nכ kin bi kכwεshכn fכ plεnti milyan ia. di prεsεns fכ dεn tin ya insay fכsil dεm de sho se dεn de fכ sכt tεm. Dis na gud mɛtrik fɔ ɛstimat di ej fɔ di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn.

• SMƆL TƆK: Diskripshɔn fɔ dragon dɛn. Bɔku pipul dɛn kin tɔk se mɔtalman nɔ bin liv di sem tɛm wit dayninɔs. Bɔt bɔku bɔku tin dɛn de we dɛn tɔk bɔt dragon dɛn na mɔtalman tradishɔn. Na wan pɔsin we bin de insay Darwin in tɛm, we nem Richad Owen, bin mek di nem dayninɔs insay 1841, bɔt fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm naw, pipul dɛn dɔn de tɔk bɔt dragon dɛn. Na sɔm kɔmɛnt dɛn bɔt dis tɔpik:

Di dragon dɛn we dɛn kin tɔk bɔt na lay lay stori dɛn, i strenj, jɔs tan lɛk rial animal dɛn we bin de trade. Dɛn tan lɛk big big reptayl dɛn (dainosaur) we bin de rul di land lɔng lɔng tɛm bifo dɛn se mɔtalman bin apia. Bɔku pipul dɛn bin de si dragon dɛn as bad ɛn dɛn kin pwɛl. Ɛni neshɔn bin de tɔk bɔt dɛn na dɛn lay lay stori dɛn. ( Di Wɔl Buk Ɛnsayklopidia, Vol. 5, 1973, s. 265)

Frɔm di biginin fɔ di istri we dɛn rayt, dragon dɛn dɔn apia ɔlsay: insay di fɔstɛm Asirian ɛn Babilonian stori dɛn bɔt di divɛlɔpmɛnt fɔ sivilizayshɔn, insay di Ju istri fɔ di Ol Tɛstamɛnt, insay di ol tɛks dɛn na Chaina ɛn Jepan, insay di lay lay stori dɛn na Gris, Rom ɛn di fɔstɛm Kristian dɛn, insay di mɛtafɔ dɛn we dɛn bin de tɔk bɔt trade trade na Amɛrika, insay di lay lay stori dɛn bɔt Afrika ɛn India. I at fɔ fɛn sosayti we nɔ bin put dragon insay in lijen istri...Aristɔtul, Plini ɛn ɔda rayta dɛn we bin de insay di klasical tɛm bin tɔk se dragon stori dɛn bin de bays pan tru tin ɛn nɔto imajineshɔn. (14) .

Di Baybul tɔk bak bɔt di nem dragɔn bɔku tɛm (ɛgz. Job 30: 29: Mi na brɔda to dragon, ɛn a na kɔmpin to ɔwl). We i kam pan dis, yu kin fɛn wan fayn kɔmɛnt bɔt dis tɔpik frɔm wan sayɛnsman we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, we nem Stivin Je Gould. I bin notis se we di buk we Job rayt tɔk bɔt Behemoth, di wangren animal we dis diskripshɔn fit to na di dainosaur ( Pandans Tumme , s. 221, Ordfrontsförlag, 1987). Bikɔs i bin biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, i bin biliv se di pɔsin we rayt Job in buk go dɔn gɛt in no bɔt di fɔstɛm tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. Bɔt dis wan pan di ol buk dɛn na di Baybul de tɔk klia wan bɔt animal we gɛt layf (Job 40: 15 Luk naw behemoth, we a mek wit una; i de it gras lɛk kaw...).

   Dragon dɛn kin apia bak na art (www.dinoglyphs.fi). Dɛn dɔn rayt pikchɔ dɛn bɔt dragon dɛn, fɔ ɛgzampul, pan wɔ shild dɛn (Sutton Hoo) ɛn ɔnamɛnt dɛn na di wɔl na chɔch dɛn (ɛgz. S. S. Meri ɛn Hadulf, Ingland). Na di get na Ishtar insay di ol siti we nem Babilɔn, apat frɔm kaw ɛn layɔn dɛn, dɛn sho dragɔn dɛn. Insay di fɔs Mɛsopotemia silinda sil dɛn, dragɔn dɛn we gɛt tel we lɔng lɛk nɛk kin apia (Moortgat, A., The art of ancient Mesopotamia, Phaidon Press, London 1969, pp. 1,9,10 ɛn Plate A.). Wan buk we Vans Nɛlson rayt we nem Dire Dragonstɛl mɔ ɛgzampul dɛn. Wetin rili wɔndaful bɔt dis buk na dat i gɛt ol art wok dɛn bɔt dragon/dainosaur, ɛn i gɛt drɔin dɛn we di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt aw tin dɛn de apin tide dɛnsɛf dɔn drɔ bay we dɛn yuz dayninɔs bon dɛn. Di wan dɛn we de rid dɛnsɛf kin kɔmpia di sem tin dɛn we di ol wok dɛn we dɛn mek wit at gɛt, ɛn dɛn kin kɔmpia di drɔin dɛn we dɛn dɔn drɔ pan bon dɛn. I rili klia se dɛn fiba.

   Wetin wi go se bɔt di Chaynish zodiac? Wan gud ɛgzampul bɔt aw dainosaur dɛn go dɔn rili bi dragon na dis ɔroskɔp, we pipul dɛn no se i dɔn ol fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. So we di Chaynish zodiac de bays pan 12 animal sayn dɛn we de ripit insay 12 ia saykl, 12 animal dɛn de insay. 11 pan dɛn na tin dɛn we pipul dɛn sabi ivin insay wi yon tɛm: rat, ɔks, tayga, hare, snek, ɔs, ship, mɔnki, kɔk, dɔg ɛn pig. Bifo dat, di animal we mek 12 na dragɔn, we nɔ de tide. Wan gud kwɛstyɔn na dat if di 11 animal dɛn dɔn bi rial animal, wetin mek di dragɔn go bi ɛksɛpshɔn ɛn lay lay tin? Yu nɔ tink se i mek sɛns fɔ tink se trade i bin de liv di sem tɛm lɛk mɔtalman, bɔt i dɔn lɔs lɛk bɔku ɔda animal dɛn? I fayn fɔ mɛmba bak se na Richad Owen nɔmɔ bin mek di wɔd dayninɔs insay di ia 1900. Bifo dat, dɛn bin de yuz di nem dragon fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm. 

Aw yu go sho se di tiori se ɔltin kam bay chans?

Di tiori bɔt evolushɔn rili difrɛn frɔm di wok we Gɔd de du fɔ mek ɔltin. Dis tiori, we Darwin bin put bifo, tek am se ɔl dis bigin wit wan smɔl stem sɛl, we afta dat evolv fɔ bɔku bɔku ia to fɔm dɛn we de kɔmpleks mɔ ɛn mɔ.

   Bɔt yu tink se wetin Darwin tɔk na tru? Dɛn kin tɛst am tru prɛktikal pruf. Na sɔm impɔtant pɔynt dɛn ya.

1. Dɛn nɔ dɔn pruv se layf bɔn insɛf . Bifo layf go ebul fɔ chenj, i fɔ de. Bɔt na dis na di fɔs prɔblɛm we Darwin in tiori gɛt. Di wan ol tiori nɔ gɛt in fawndeshɔn, bikɔs layf nɔ go ebul fɔ kɔmɔt fɔ insɛf, lɛk aw wi bin dɔn tɔk. Na layf nɔmɔ kin mek pɔsin gɛt layf, ɛn dɛn nɔ dɔn si ɛni ɔda tin we nɔ de pan dis lɔ. Dis prɔblɛm kin mit if pɔsin fala wan mɔdel we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de fɔ ɛksplen frɔm di biginin te to di ɛnd. 

2. Rediokabɔn de mek pipul dɛn tink bɔt lɔng tɛm nɔ biliv . Wan ɔda prɔblɛm na dat redio kabɔn de insay fɔs ɛn kol fɔ ɔl di tɛm, we dɛn dɔn tek as bɔku bɔku ia ol (Lowe, DC, Prɔblɛm dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit yus fɔ kol as sɔs fɔ 14C fri bakgrɔn matirial, Radiocarbon 31 (2): 117 -120, 1989) ɛn di ɔda wan dɛn. di prεsεns fכ rediokabכn de כnli de tכk bכt tכwzin ia, we min se nכ tεm nכ de fכ di divεlכpmεnt we dεn asum. Dis na big prɔblɛm fɔ Darwin in tiori bikɔs di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans biliv se i nid fɔ de fɔ bɔku bɔku ia.

3. Di tin we bin bɔn na di Kambrian de sho se di tin dɛn we bin de apin na di wɔl nɔ biliv . Bifo dis tɛm dɛn bin dɔn tɔk aw di tin we dɛn kɔl Kambrian eksplɔshɔn de pruv se di tik we de mek tin chenj (di asɔmpshɔn se di simpul stem sɛl dɔn bi mɔ ɛn mɔ nyu layf fɔm dɛn). Ɔ dis tik de ɔpsayd. Fɔshal data sho se frɔm di biginin, kɔmplisiti ɛn spɛshal richnɛs bin involv. Dis fit in wit di krieshɔn mɔdel.

4. Nɔ sɛmi-divɛlɔp sɛns ɛn ɔgan dɛn . If di tiori bɔt evolushɔn na bin tru, bɔku bɔku nyu sɛns, an, fut, ɔ ɔda tin dɛn we de bigin fɔ mek bɔdi pat dɛn na di wɔl fɔ de. Bifo dat, dɛn pat dɛn ya na di bɔdi rɛdi ɛn dɛn de wok. Ivin Richad Dɔkins, we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de, gri se ɔl di spisis ɛn ɔl di ɔgan dɛn we de insay ɛni spisis we dɛn dɔn stɔdi te naw, sabi wetin i de du. Dis kayn tin we dɛn dɔn si fit bad bad wan wit di tiori bɔt evolushɔn, bɔt i fit fayn fayn wan wit di mɔdel fɔ krieshɔn:

Di rial tin we dɛn dɔn si pan di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn si na dat ɔl di spisis ɛn ɔl di ɔgan dɛn we de insay wan spisis we dɛn dɔn chɛk te naw, gud pan wetin i de du. Di wing we de pan bɔd, bi ɛn bat fayn fɔ flay. Ay dɛn sabi fɔ si. Lif dɛn sabi fɔ mek fotosintesis. Wi de liv na wan planɛt, usay sɔntɛm tɛn milyɔn spisis dɛn de rawnd wi, we ɔl indipɛndɛnt wan de sho se wi gɛt strɔng ilyushɔn se i tan lɛk se dɛn mek am. Ɛni spisis fit fayn fayn wan wit in spɛshal layf. (15) .

Insay in kɔmɛnt we i bin dɔn tɔk bifo tɛm, Dawkins bin gri indaykt wan se dɛn mek sɛns, pan ɔl we i bin de dinay am bay wilful. Bɔt di pruf dɛn sho klia wan se dɛn mek am wit sɛns. Di kwɛstyɔn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis na; Yu tink se i de wok? Dat min se if ɔltin wok, na sɔntin we gɛt fɔ du wit wan strɔkchɔ we de wok ɛn we dɛn mek wit sɛns, ɛn di strɔkchɔ nɔ bin fɔ dɔn kɔmɔt fɔ insɛf.

    I strenj fɔ no se we dɛn gɛt wan statu fɔ futbɔla Jari Litmanen na Lahti, fɔ ɛgzampul, ɔl di wan dɛn we nɔ biliv se Gɔd de gri se na di sɛns we dɛn mek biɛn am. Dɛn nɔ biliv se na dɛnsɛf bɔn dis statu, bɔt dɛn biliv se dɛn mek am wit sɛns we dɛn bɔn am. Bɔt dɛn nɔ gri fɔ mek tin dɛn we gɛt sɛns fɔ mek tin dɛn we rili kɔmpleks bɔku tɛm ɛn we kin muv, bɔku, it, lɛk, ɛn fil ɔda filin dɛn. Dis nɔto rizin we rili mek sɛns.

5. Fɔsɛl dɛn de sho se na tru se ɔltin kam bay chans . Dɛn dɔn ɔlrɛdi tɔk se nɔto smɔl smɔl tin dɛn de apin na di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn. Stivin Jey Gould, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn, dɔn tɔk se: “A nɔ want ɛni we fɔ smɔl di kɔmpɛtɛnshɔn we di we aw pipul dɛn de si tin we de chenj smɔl smɔl, nɔ ebul fɔ du am. A jɔs want fɔ tɔk se dɛn nɔ ɛva ‘de si am’ na rɔk dɛn.” (16). Semweso, sɔm ɔda big big pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di tin dɛn we dɔn apin trade trade dɔn gri se smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn nɔ de apin na di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn, pan ɔl we na di men tin we Darwin bin tɔk bɔt. Di argumɛnt se di fɔs rɛkɔd nɔ kɔmplit, dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ kɔl am igen bak. I nɔ de so igen, bikɔs dɛn dɔn dig at le wan ɔndrɛd milyɔn fɔsɛl dɛn frɔm di wɔl. If no divεlכpmεnt sכmtεm כ intamεdiεt fכm dεm de insay dis mεtirial, i nכ de insay di mεtirial we dεn lεf na grכn. Di kɔmɛnt dɛn we de dɔŋ ya de sho aw di intamɛdiet fɔm dɛn nɔ de:

I strenj fɔ no se di gap dɛn we de na di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn, de kɔnsistɛns pan wan patikyula we: di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn nɔ de na ɔl di impɔtant ples dɛn. (Fransis Hitching, Di Nɛk fɔ di Jiraf , 1982, pej 19)

I nɔ mata aw fa insay di past wi go insay di siriɔs fɔshal dɛm fɔ dɛn animal dɛm we bin dɔn liv bifo na di wɔl, wi nɔ go ebul fɔ fɛn ivin wan trays fɔ animal fɔm dɛm we go bi intamɛdiet fɔm bitwin big grup ɛn fayla... Di big big grup dɛm di animal dɛn nɔ de jɔyn togɛda. Dɛn na di sem ɛn dɛn dɔn de di sem frɔm di biginin... Dɛn nɔ dɔn fɛn animal we nɔ bin ebul fɔ sɛt insay in yon faylɔm ɔ big grup frɔm di fɔs stratified rɔk tayp dɛn... Dis pafɛkt lɔk fɔ intamɛdiet fɔm bitwin di big grup dɛn of animals can be interpreted in one way only... If wi rɛdi fɔ tek di tru tin dɛn lɛk aw dɛn de, wi fɔ biliv se dɛn kayn intamɛdiet fɔm dɛn ya nɔ ɛva de; in ɔda wɔd, dɛn big big grup ya dɔn gɛt di sem rilayshɔn to dɛnsɛf frɔm di biginin.(Austin H. Clark, Di Nyu Ɛvolushɔn, pej 189)

Wetin wi kin pul frɔm di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt? Wi fɔ rijɛkt Darwin in tiori pan di bies fɔ fɔs, jɔs lɛk aw Darwin insɛf bin tɔk pan di bies fɔ di fɔs data we dɛn bin fɛn da tɛm de: “Di wan dɛn we biliv se di jiolojikal narativ na mɔ ɔ smɔl kɔmplit go mɔs rijɛkt mi tiori” (17 ).

6. Natural selekshɔn ɛn brid nɔ de mek ɛnitin nyu . Insay in buk we nem On the Origin of Species, Darwin bin tɔk bɔt di aidia se di tin dɛn we Gɔd mek de biɛn di tin dɛn we de apin. I yuz as ɛgzampul di chuk we mɔtalman dɔn pik, dat na fɔ bɔn pikin, ɛn aw i pɔsibul fɔ inflɔws di we aw animal dɛn de luk tru am.

    Bɔt di prɔblɛm wit natura l sɛlɛkshɔn ɛn mɔtalman sɛlɛkshɔn na dat dɛn nɔ de mek nyu tin. Dɛn kin jɔs pik frɔm wetin dɔn ɔlrɛdi de, dat na di ol wan . Sɔm kwaliti dɛn kin bi mɔ ɛn dɛn kin kɔntinyu fɔ liv, bɔt nɔto jɔs fɔ liv we kin mek nyu infɔmeshɔn. Wan ɔrganizm we de nɔ kin chenj to ɔda wan igen.

   Semweso, difrɛns kin apin, bɔt na insay sɔm limit dɛn nɔmɔ. Dis kin bi bikɔs dɛn dɔn program animal ɛn plant dɛn bifo tɛm wit di pɔsibiliti fɔ chenj ɛn brid. Fɔ ɛgzampul, we yu de bɔn pikin kin afɛkt di lɔng we dɔg in leg dɛn lɔng ɔ di sayz ɛn di we aw dɛn mek di plant dɛn, bɔt sɔntɛnde yu go kam nia wan limit ɛn yu nɔ go pas dat. No nyu spisis nɔ de kɔmɔt ɛn no sayn nɔ de fɔ nyu infɔmeshɔn.

Di wan dɛn we de mɛn animal kin no se afta sɔm jɛnɛreshɔn dɛn we dɛn dɔn rifin, dɛn kin rich wan ekstrim limit: fɔ go bifo pas dis pɔynt nɔ pɔsibul, ɛn dɛn nɔ mek ɛni nyu spisis. (...) So, di tɛst fɔ brid kin kansel di tiori bɔt evolushɔn pas fɔ sɔpɔt am. (On Kɔl, 3.7.1972, pej 8,9)

Wan ɔda prɔblɛm na we dɛn de mek dɛn jɛnɛtiks po. As modifyeshɔn ɛn adapteshɔn de apin, sɔm pan di rich jɛnɛtik ɛritij we di fɔs gret gret granpa dɛn bin gɛt de lɔs. di mכr כganism dεm spεshal, fכ egzampl bikoz fכ brid כ difrεns na di jכgrafik, na di sכm rum fכ vεryushכn insay di fכs tεm. Di evolushɔn tren de go na di rɔng say di mɔ we i de tek. Di jenɛtik ɛritij po, bɔt no nyu bɛsik spisis nɔ de kɔmɔt.

7. mכtεshכn nכ de prodyuz nyu infכmeshכn εn nyu tכp כgan dεm . As fɔ evolushɔn, di wan dɛn we biliv se evolushɔn rayt se i kin apin. Na jɔs wetin i min bay evolushɔn. If na kwɛstyɔn bɔt ɔdinari chenj ɛn adap, di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, rili rayt se dɛn si am. Gud ɛgzampul dɛn de bɔt dat na di buk dɛn we di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans. Bifo dat, di primordial sel -to-human tiori na wan aidia we nɔ pruv we dɛn nɔ ɛva si insay di mɔdan nature ɔ fɔs.

    Pan ɔl ɔltin, pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans de tray fɔ fɛn wan we we go ɛksplen di divɛlɔpmɛnt frɔm wan simpul fɔs fɔs sɛl to kɔmpleks fɔm dɛn. Dɛn dɔn yuz muteshon fɔ ɛp fɔ dis.

    כltu, mכtεshכn dεm de lid in di כpכsite dairekshכn pan tεm dεm fכ divεlכpmεnt. Dɛn kin degenerate, dat na fɔ tek divɛlɔpmɛnt dɔŋ. If dɛn bin fɔ mek di divɛlɔpmɛnt go bifo, di wan dɛn we de du risach go gɛt fɔ sho bɔku bɔku ɛgzampul dɛn bɔt di muteshon we de mek di infɔmeshɔn bɔku ɛn di divɛlɔpmɛnt we de go ɔp, bɔt dis nɔ bin pɔsibul. chenj dεm kin apin - di wing dεm εn di limb dεm we de fכm, we di pigmεnt de lכs... - bכt dεn nכ si nכ klia egzampl fכ infכmeshכn we de inkrεs. na di כda say, dεn fכnshכn tru mכtεshכn εkspεriεns dεm se dεn fכs mek mכtεshכn dεm we dεn כlrεdi de bifo. di sem kayn mכtεshכn dεm de ripit כva εn כva bak insay εkspεriεns.

   Na tru se na tru se sɔm muteshon kin yusful na, fɔ ɛgzampul, say we gɛt pɔyzin ɔ say we gɛt bɔku antibayɔtik, bɔt we di kɔndishɔn kam bak to nɔmal, di wan dɛn we gɛt di muteshɔn nɔ kin liv ɔnda nɔmal kɔndishɔn. Wan ɛgzampul na sikɛl sɛl anemia. Pipul wae gɛt dis muteshon kin du wɛl na say wae gɛt malaria, bɔt na siriɔs sik na say wae nɔr gɛt malaria. If dis muteshon na inhεrit frכm dεn tu mama εn papa, di sik kin kil. Semweso, fish we lɔs dɛn yay tru muteshon kin liv na dak kev bɔt nɔto ɔnda nɔmal kɔndishɔn. Ɔ bitel dɛn we dɔn lɔs dɛn wing bikɔs ɔf muteshɔn kin ebul fɔ manej na ayland dɛn we gɛt briz bikɔs dɛn nɔ kin flay insay di si so izi, bɔt ɔdasay dɛn kin gɛt prɔblɛm.

    Bɔku pipul dɛn we sabi bɔt di eria nɔ gri bak se di chenj dɛn we pɔsin kin chenj kin mek big chenj ɔ mek nyu chenj dɛn. dis dεn sho bay fכ egzampl di dεkεd mכtεshכn εkspεriεns wit banana flay εn baktri dεm. Na sɔm tin dɛn we pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis tɔk bin tɔk:

Pan ɔl we dɛn dɔn chɛk bɔku bɔku chenj dɛn we kin chenj insay wi tɛm, wi nɔ si ɛni klia kes usay di chenj we dɛn chenj animal fɔ dɔn chenj animal to wan we kɔmpleks, mek nyu tin we dɛn mek, ɔ ivin mek i chenj dip dip nyu tin dɛn. (RD Clark, Darwin: Bifo ɛn Afta , pej 131)

di mכtayshכn dεm we wi no – we dεn tink se na dεn de mek di liv wכl – jεnarali na fכ lכs wan כgan, disappearance (los fכ pigmεnt, lכs fכ wan apεndij), כ rεduplikεshכn fכ wan כgan we bin de. In no kes dεn de mek enitin we rili nyu כ wan wan to di כgan sistεm, enitin we dεn kin tek as di bεsis fכ nyu כgan כ as di biginin fכ nyu fכnshכn. (Jean Rostand, Di Ɔriɔn Buk fɔ Ɛvolushɔn , 1961, pej 79)

Wi fɔ ɔndastand se sayɛnsman dɛn gɛt wan nɛtwɔk we rili de ansa ɛn we gɛt bɔku bɔku tin dɛn fɔ no bɔt di chenj dɛn we de apin we de mek di infɔmeshɔn bɔku. Bɔku pan di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di jɛnɛtiks kin kip dɛn yay opin fɔ dɛn. - - Bɔt, a nɔ biliv se ivin wan klia ɛgzampul de fɔ wan muteshon we nɔ gɛt wan dawt fɔ se i fɔ dɔn mek infɔmeshɔn. (Sanford, J., Jɛnɛtik Ɛntropi ɛn di Mistɛri fɔ di Jɛnom, Ivan Prɛs, Nyu Yɔk, pej 17).

di kכnklushכn na dat mכtεshכn nכ kin bi di injin fכ evolushכn, nכto nכchכral sεlεkshכn nכ kin bi, biכs nכ wan pan dεm nכ de mek di nyu infכmeshכn εn nyu kכmpleks strכkchכ dεm we di "frכm di primordial sεl to mכtalman" -tiori nid. Ɔl di diskripshɔn dɛn we de na di evolushɔn buk dɛn na gud ɛgzampul, bɔt na ɛgzampul nɔmɔ bɔt difrɛns ɛn adapteshɔn lɛk baktriyal rɛsistɛns, bɔd in bich saiz difrɛns, insɛkt rɛsistɛns to insɛktisayd, chenj dɛn na fish growth rit we dɛn kɔz bikɔs ɔf ɔvafishin, dak ɛn layt kɔlɔ dɛn fɔ pepa mɔt ɛn chenj bikɔs ɔf di tin dɛn we de ambɔg di say dɛn we dɛn de. Ɔl dɛn tin ya na ɛgzampul fɔ aw pɔpuleshɔn kin ansa we di chenj dɛn we de apin na di envayrɔmɛnt, bɔt di bɛsis spisis dɛn kin stil de di sem ɔltɛm ɛn nɔ kin chenj to ɔda wan dɛn. Baktri de stil bi baktri, dɔg lɛk dɔg, pusi lɛk pusi, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn Modifyeshɔn kin apin, .

   I fayn fɔ no se insay in buk we nem On the Origin of Species , Darwin nɔ bin tɔk bak bɔt ɛni ɛgzampul bɔt di chenj we di spisis chenj, bɔt na ɛgzampul dɛn nɔmɔ bɔt difrɛns ɛn adapshɔn insay di bɛsis grup dɛn. Dɛn na gud ɛgzampul, bɔt nɔto igen. dεn nכ de pruv "frכm di primordial sεl to mכtalman" -tiori tru. Darwin insɛf bin tɔk insay wan lɛta se: “A rili taya fɔ tɛl pipul dɛn se a nɔ de tɔk se a gɛt ɛni dairekt pruf fɔ se wan spisis dɔn chenj to ɔda spisis ɛn a biliv se dis we aw pipul dɛn de si tin kɔrɛkt mɔ bikɔs dɛn kin put bɔku tin dɛn we kin apin na grup ɛn ɛksplen dɛn bays pan am” (18). Semweso, di kot we de dɔŋ ya tɔk se insay Darwin in buk we nem On the Origin of Species, nɔto rial ɛgzampul dɛn de bɔt di chenj we di spisis dɛn de chenj:

"I rili ironi se buk we dɔn bi fambul fɔ ɛksplen di ɔrijin fɔ di spisis nɔ de ɛksplen am ɛni we." (Christopher Booker, we de rayt bɔt di Times we de tɔk bɔt di magnum opus we Darwin rayt, On the Origin of Species) (19)

Aw yu jɔstify fɔ kɔmɔt frɔm mɔtalman frɔm pipul dɛn we tan lɛk ape?

di besik prεmis fכ evolushכn na dat כl di spisis dεm we de naw gεt di sem stεm fכm: wan simpul stεm sεl. Na di sem tin kin apin to mɔtalman tide. Di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans de tich se wi kɔmɔt frɔm di sem fɔs fɔs sɛl, we bin fɔs evolv to difrɛn kayn tin dɛn we de na di si ɛn as di las tin, bifo mɔtalman tɔn to mɔtalman gret gret granpa dɛn we tan lɛk apis tide. Dis na aw di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans biliv, pan ɔl we dɛn nɔ go si ɛni evolushɔn smɔl smɔl pan tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn.

     Bɔt yu tink se di we aw pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, na tru? Wi go tɔk bɔt tu impɔtant rizin dɛn we de sho di kɔmɔn tin:

Di tin dɛn we lɛf pan mɔtalman tide we de insay ol layers de pruv se evolushɔn nɔ biliv . Di fɔs rizin simpul ɛn na dat dɛn dɔn fɛn klia tin dɛn we lɛf pan mɔtalman tide na at le di ol ɔ ol strata dɛn lɛk di tin dɛn we lɛf pan dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn we dɛn se na dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn, ivin so dat mɔtalman bɔdi we lɛf pan mɔtalman tide de na ol strata pas di wan dɛn we dɛn se na dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn. Dɛn dɔn ivin fɛn klia tin dɛn we lɛf ɛn tin dɛn we mɔtalman gɛt tide, na kol strata dɛn we dɛn dɔn tek as ɔndrɛd milyɔn ia ol.

    Wetin dis min? I min se mɔtalman tide dɔn apia at le di sem tɛm na di wɔl ɔ ivin bifo in gret gret granpa dɛn we dɛn se na in gret gret granpa dɛn. I nɔ go ebul fɔ bi ɛni we bikɔs di pikin dɛn nɔ go ɛva ebul fɔ liv bifo dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn. Na dis na wan klia tin we de agens dɛnsɛf we de sho se di evolushɔn ɛksplen bɔt aw mɔtalman kɔmɔt.

   Di kot dɛn we de kam biɛn ya de tɛl yu mɔ bɔt dis. Sayɛnsman dɛn we bɔku pipul dɛn sabi gri se dɛn dɔn si klia wan di tin dɛn we lɛf na mɔtalman tide bɔku tɛm na di ol strata dɛn, bɔt dɛn nɔ gri fɔ tek dɛn bikɔs dɛn dɔn tu mɔdan pan kwaliti. Dɛn dɔn fɛn bɔku bɔku tin dɛn we tan lɛk dis:

LBS Leakey: “A nɔ gɛt wan dawt se dat mɔtalman bɔdi we de pan dɛn [Acheul ɛn Chelles] kɔlchɔ ya, dɛn dɔn fɛn am bɔku tɛm (...) bɔt ɔ dɛn nɔ dɔn no se na so ɔ dɛn nɔ gri fɔ tek dɛn bikɔs na dɛn Homo sapiens tayp, ɛn dat mek dɛn nɔ bin ebul fɔ tek dɛn as ol.” (20) .

R. S. Lull: ... Dɛn kayn tin ya we lɛf pan skel dɔn apia bak ɛn bak. (...) Ɛni wan pan dɛn, pan ɔl we dɛn fulɔp di ɔda tin dɛn we pɔsin fɔ du fɔ ol ej – fɔ bɛr am na ol layers, fɔ apia animal in bɔdi bitwin dɛn ɛn di sem fɔslayzeshɔn gred, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn – nɔ go du fɔ satisfay di tin dɛn we fizik anthropɔlɔji nid, bikɔs nɔbɔdi nɔ gɛt ɛnitin fɔ du wit di bɔdi we di Amɛrikin Indian dɛn nɔ go gɛt tide.” (21) .

Marvin L. Lubenow dɔn rayt bɔt di sem tɔpik insay in buk we nem Myytti apinaihmisistä (Bones of Contention) . Insay dis buk, i dɔn tɔk smɔl bɔt aw pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans, dɛn yon ej fɔ di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn . Ɔl di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn we dɛn ripɔt insay buk dɛn we de tɔk bɔt aw ɔltin kam bay chans, de insay.

    Di sem prɔblɛm kin apin na dɛn ej klasification ya fɔ di evolushɔnist dɛm: dɛn kin fɛn fɔs fɔs na di strata dɛm na di wɔl we miks ɛn we nɔ gɛt ɛni prɛskrib evolushɔn ɔda. Dɛn nɔ de si dɛn di ɔda we aw evolushɔn se. Di tin dɛn we dɛn fɛn nɔ sho se mɔtalman kɔmɔt frɔm simpul gret gret granpa dɛn we tan lɛk apes.

    Insay in buk, Lubenow bin tɔk se:

   (...) Las las, “di Fɔs De” fɔ wi kɔs kam. Di studɛnt dɛn bin sheb dɛn ripɔt to dɛn klasmet dɛn ɛn dɛn bin sɛt dɛn fɔs fɔs tin dɛn pan wan skim we de fala di ej ɛn klasification dɛn we di wan dɛn we biliv se evolushɔn bin gi. As di pat dɛn bin de snɛp smɔl smɔl, di studɛnt dɛn bin ɔndastand mɔ ɛn mɔ klia wan se di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn bin dɔn fɛn nɔ bin pruv se mɔtalman bigin fɔ chenj.

   If di evolushɔn fɔ mɔtalman na bin tru, dɛn fɔ put di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn na wan tɛm layn frɔm di Sawt ape, tru sɔm kayn Homo habilis , Homo erectus ɛn di fɔs Homo sapiens , ɛn las las to di mɔdan Homo sapiens(dat na wi, we big ɛn fayn). Bifo dat, dɛn go put di fɔs fɔs tin dɛn ya ɛn de we nɔ gɛt ɛni klia ɔda we aw dɛn bin de chenj di we aw dɛn bin de liv. Pan ɔl we di studɛnt dɛn bin yuz di tɛm ɛn di klas we di wan dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans dɛnsɛf, i bin kam fɔ no klia wan se di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn de mek mɔtalman nɔ ebul fɔ chenj. Ɛni lekchɔ ɔ lekchɔ siriɔs we a bin gi nɔ bin fɔ dɔn impɔtant lɛk di stɔdi we di studɛnt dɛn bin du dɛnsɛf. Natin we a bin fɔ dɔn tɔk nɔ bin fɔ dɔn gɛt big ifɛkt pan di studɛnt dɛn lɛk di nekɛd trut bɔt di mɔtalman fɔs matirial sɛf. (22) .

Insay fɔsɛl dɛn na tu grup nɔmɔ: ɔdinari apis ɛn mɔtalman dɛn tide . As wi bin dɔn tɔk, di men tin we di tiori bɔt evolushɔn tɔk bɔt na dat mɔtalman kɔmɔt frɔm pipul dɛn we tan lɛk apis, so dat insay di istri, mɔ ɛn mɔ kɔmpleks mɔtalman dɛn bin kam na di wɔl. Dis tin we Darwin ɛn pipul dɛn we bin de insay in tɛm bin tink bɔt dis, pan ɔl we dɛn nɔ bin dɔn fɛn bɛtɛ tin bɔt dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn we dɛn se na mɔtalman insay di ia 1900. Darwin ɛn in kɔmpin dɛn bin jɔs biliv ɛn ɛkspɛkt se leta dɛn go fɛn dɛn na di grɔn.

   Di sem biliv de we pipul dɛn de luk fɔ mɔtalman fɔs fɔs tide. Bikɔs pipul dɛn gɛt fet pan di tiori se ɔltin kam bay chans, dɛn de luk fɔ di wan dɛn we dɛn se na mɔtalman gret gret granpa dɛn. Fet de afɛkt ɔl wetin dɛn de du. Ɔ if dɛn nɔ bin gɛt fet pan mɔtalman evolushɔn frɔm dɛn gret gret granpa dɛn we tan lɛk apes, di tin we mek dɛn want fɔ du sɔntin nɔ bin fɔ dɔn du fɔ fɛn.

    Wetin di tin dɛn we dɛn fɛn dɔn sho? Dɛn nɔ de flat pipul dɛn we de sɔpɔt di tiori bɔt ɔltin kam bay chans. Dɛn nɔ gri pan jɔs lɛk ɛnitin we dɛn dɔn fɛn, ɛn pan ɔl dat, dɛn kin si wan klia tin pan di tin dɛn we dɛn fɛn: na di ɛnd, na tu grup nɔmɔ de: klia wan se pipul dɛn we tan lɛk apes ɛn ɔdinari mɔtalman dɛn. Dis divɛlɔpmɛnt de go bifo di kayn we we di sawt apis (Australopithecus) na, lɛk aw di nem sho, kɔmɔn apis, lɛk Ardi, we in bren saiz smɔl pas di sawt apis. (Homo Habilis na wan klas we nɔ klia ɛn we kin bi miks pan difrɛn grup dɛn. Sɔm pan di tin dɛn we i gɛt sho se i bin ivin tan lɛk apis pas di sawt apis dɛn). Bifo dat, Homo Erectus ɛn di Neanderthal man, we rili fiba dɛnsɛf, na ɔdinari pipul dɛn.

    Wetin mek dɛn sheb dis kayn we to tu grup nɔmɔ? Bɔku sayɛnsman dɛnsɛf dɔn gri se di apis dɛn we de na di sawt nɔ go ebul fɔ bi mɔtalman gret gret granpa dɛn, bɔt na ɔdinari apis, we dɔn day. Dɛn dɔn rich dis bikɔs dɛn bɔdi rili tan lɛk apis ɛn di sayz fɔ di bren na jɔs wan pat pan tri saiz fɔ di bren we mɔtalman gɛt tide. Na tu-tri kɔmɛnt dɛn ya:

We yu kɔmpia di skel dɛn fɔ man ɛn wan anthropoid, i klia se di skel fɔ wan Australopithecus tan lɛk di skel fɔ wan anthropoid. If yu tɔk ɔda tin, dat go bi di sem tin lɛk fɔ tɔk se blak na wayt. (23) .

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn fɛn nɔ lɛf ɛni dawt fɔ se (...) di Australopithecus nɔ tan lɛk di Homo sapiens ; bifo dat, i tan lɛk di mɔdan guenons ɛn anthropoids. (24) .

Wetin bɔt Homo erectus ɛn di Neanderthal man, we rili fiba dɛnsɛf ɛn we dɛn bren saiz ɛn bɔdi rili mɛmba mɔtalman tide? Dɛn dɔn fɛn bɔku pruf fɔ sho se dɛn ɔl tu na mɔtalman tide. Homo erectus dɔn ebul fɔ du nevigishɔn ɛn i mek tul dɛn bak so dat wan man we de stɔdi bɔt evolushɔn Dɔkta Alan Thorne bin tɔk as ali as 1993: "Dɛn nɔto Homo erectus (in ɔda wɔd, dɛn nɔ fɔ kɔl dɛn dis nem). Dɛn na mɔtalman". (Di Ɔstrelian, 19 Ɔgɔst 1993). Semweso, sayɛnsman dɛn we de da tɛm de dɔn bigin fɔ tink mɔ ɛn mɔ se dɛn kin tek di Nianderthal man as rial mɔtalman. apat frכm di bכdi strכkchכ, di rizin dεm na plεnti kכltכral diskכvri dεm εn nyu DNA stכdi dεm.(Dɔnald Jɔnsin / Jems Shriv: Lusi in Pikin, pej 49).

   pan di risach pipul dεm we dכn prכpos fכ inklud di Homo erectus εn Neandertal insay di Homo sapiens klas na eg Milford Wolpoff. Wetin mek dis tin we wan evolushɔnari paleontologist tɔk impɔtant na dat dɛn se i bin si pas ɛni ɔda pɔsin di ɔrijinal fɔs tin we dɛn kɔl hominides. Semweso, Bɛnard Wud, we dɛn bin dɔn tek as di bigman pan di evolushɔn pedigri, ɛn M. Kɔlad dɔn tɔk se sɔm pipul dɛn we dɛn kin tink se na hominid dɛn tan lɛk mɔtalman ɔ dɛn tan lɛk ɔl di sawt ape (Science 284 (5411): 65-71, 1999).

    Wetin wi kin pul frɔm di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt? I nɔ gɛt wan minin fɔ tɔk bɔt apeman, bikɔs fɔ tru, na mɔtalman ɛn apes nɔmɔ dɔn de. Na dɛn tu grup ya nɔmɔ de, lɛk aw sɔm bigman dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis eria dɔn tɔk.

   Bɔt we i kam pan aw mɔtalman apia na di wɔl, no rizin nɔ de fɔ mek mɔtalman dɔn apia na di wɔl bifo pas wetin di Baybul sho, dat na lɛk 6,000 ia so dɔn pas. Wetin mek na so? Di rizin na bikɔs no patikyula pruf nɔ de fɔ lɔng tɛm. Di istri we dɛn sabi rili de bak 4000-5000 ia nɔmɔ, we wantɛm wantɛm ɛn wan tɛm tin dɛn lɛk raytin, kɔnstrɔkshɔn, siti, agrikalchɔral, kɔlchɔ, kɔmpleks matematiks, pɔt, tul mek ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn kin tek as kwaliti fɔ mɔtalman bin apia. Bɔku pipul dɛn we biliv se ɔltin kam bay chans lɛk fɔ tɔk bɔt di tɛm we pipul dɛn bin de liv bifo ɛn di tɛm we dɛn bin de trade trade, bɔt no fayn pruf nɔ de fɔ sho se di tɛm we dɛn bin de trade trade bin de, fɔ ɛgzampul, 10,000 to 20,000 ia bifo dis tɛm, bikɔs dɛn nɔ no di bildin ɛn tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp frɔm da tɛm de.

   Pantap dat, i rili strenj fɔ si se mɔtalman bin evolv tu-tri milyɔn ia bifo dis tɛm, bɔt in kɔlchɔ dɔn bigin fɔ bɔn wantɛm wantɛm ɔlsay na di wɔl sɔm tawzin ia bifo dis tɛm. Wan bɛtɛ ɛksplen na dat mɔtalman dɔn de fɔ sɔm tawzin ia nɔmɔ, ɛn dat mek bildin dɛn, siti dɛn, langwej skil, ɛn kɔlchɔ dɔn jɔs kɔmɔt na do insay da tɛm de, jɔs lɛk aw di buk we nem Jɛnɛsis sho. 

Nɔ de na do na Gɔd in Kiŋdɔm!

Fɔ dɔn, gud rida! Gɔd dɔn lɛk yu ɛn i want yu fɔ go na in kiŋdɔm we go de sote go. Ilɛksɛf yu dɔn de provok ɛn ɛnimi to Gɔd, Gɔd gɛt gud plan fɔ yu. Ɔndastand di vas dɛn we de kam biɛn we de tɔk bɔt aw Gɔd lɛk pipul dɛn. Dɛn de tɛl aw Jizɔs kam na di wɔl so dat ɔlman go gɛt layf we go de sote go ɛn fɔgiv in sin. Ɔlman na di wɔl kin gɛt dis:

- (Jɔn 3: 16) Bikɔs Gɔd lɛk di wɔl so dat i gi in wangren Pikin, so dat ɛnibɔdi we biliv pan am nɔ go day, bɔt i go gɛt layf we go de sote go.

- (Jɔn In Fɔs Lɛta 4: 10) Na dis lɔv de, nɔto bikɔs wi lɛk Gɔd, bɔt na bikɔs i lɛk wi, ɛn i sɛn in Pikin fɔ mek i sɔri fɔ wi sin dɛn.

Bɔt yu tink se pɔsin kin gɛt kɔnekshɔn wit Gɔd ɛn fɔ fɔgiv in sin ɔtomɛtik wan? Nɔ, mɔtalman fɔ tɔn to Gɔd fɔ kɔnfɛs in sin dɛn. Bɔku pipul dɛn kin jɔs gɛt fet we dɛn de kip ɔl wetin dɛn rayt na di Baybul tru, bɔt dɛn nɔ ɛva tek dis step we dɛn de tɔn to Gɔd ɛn gi dɛn wan ol layf to Gɔd.

    Wan gud ɛgzampul fɔ ripɛnt na di tichin we Jizɔs bin tich bɔt di bɔy pikin we bin lɔs in prɔpati. Dis bɔbɔ bin liv insay dip sin, bɔt afta dat i tɔn to in papa ɛn tɔk bɔt in sin dɛn. In papa bin fɔgiv am.

- (Luk 15: 11-20) I se, “Wan man bin gɛt tu bɔy pikin dɛn.

12 Dɔn di smɔl pan dɛn tɛl in papa se: “Papa, gi mi di prɔpati we a gɛt.” Ɛn i sheb in layf to dɛn.

13 Ɛn i nɔ tu dez afta dat, di smɔl bɔy pikin gɛda ɔlman ɛn travul go na wan fa fa kɔntri, ɛn i west in prɔpati wit layf we nɔ gɛt wanwɔd .

14 We i dɔn spɛn ɔltin, wan big angri kam na da land de; ɛn i bigin fɔ gɛt prɔblɛm.

15 Ɛn i go jɔyn insɛf to wan sitizin na da kɔntri de; ɛn i sɛn am na in fam fɔ go it swɛlin.

16 Ɛn i nɔ bin want fɔ ful-ɔp in bɛlɛ wit di swɛlin we di swɛlin dɛn kin it, bɔt nɔbɔdi nɔ gi am.

17 We i kam na in maynd, i tɛl am se: “Bɔku mi papa in wok savant dɛn gɛt bred ɛn tin dɛn we dɛn nɔ nid, ɛn a de day wit angri!

18 A go grap ɛn go to mi papa ɛn tɛl am se: ‘Papa, a dɔn sin agens ɛvin ɛn bifo yu .

19 Ɛn a nɔ fit fɔ mek dɛn kɔl mi yu pikin igen, mek a tan lɛk wan pan yu savant dɛn we yu de wok fɔ.

20 Dɔn i grap ɛn kam to in papa. Bɔt we i bin de fa, in papa si am, i sɔri fɔ am , ɛn i rɔn, fɔdɔm na in nɛk ɛn kis am.

We pɔsin tɔn to Gɔd, i fɔ wɛlkɔm Jizɔs bak as di Masta fɔ in layf. Bikɔs na Jizɔs nɔmɔ pɔsin go ebul fɔ go nia Gɔd ɛn fɔgiv in sin dɛn lɛk aw di vas dɛn we de kam biɛn de sho. So, kɔl Jizɔs fɔ bi di Masta fɔ yu layf, ɛn yu go fɔgiv yu sin ɛn gɛt layf we go de sote go.

- (Jɔn 14: 6) Jizɔs tɛl am se, “ Mi na di rod, di trut, ɛn di layf.

- (Jɔn 5: 40) Ɛn yu nɔ go kam to mi, so dat yu go gɛt layf .

- (Di Apɔsul Dɛn Wok [Akt] 10: 43 ) To am gi ɔl di prɔfɛt dɛn witnɛs , se tru in nem ɛnibɔdi we biliv pan am go gɛt fɔgiv in sin .

- (Di Apɔsul Dɛn Wok [Akt] 13: 38,39 ) 38 Una fɔ no se tru dis man de tɛl una fɔ fɔgiv una sin ;

39 Ɛn na in mek ɔl di wan dɛn we biliv de du wetin rayt pan ɔltin we Mozis in lɔ nɔ go ebul fɔ mek una de du wetin rayt.

If yu dɔn wɛlkɔm Jizɔs na yu layf ɛn put yu fet, dat na, yu abop pan di tin we go mek yu sev, pan Am (Di Apɔsul Dɛn Wok [Akt] 16: 31 "Dɛn se, “Biliv pan di Masta Jizɔs Krays, ɛn yu go sev, ɛn yu os."), yu kin pre, fɔ ɛgzampul, lɛk dis: 

Di prea fɔ sev : Masta, Jizɔs, a de tɔn to Yu. A kɔnfɛs se a dɔn sin agens Yu ɛn a nɔ liv akɔdin to wetin yu want. Bɔt, a want fɔ tɔn mi sin dɛn ɛn fala Yu wit ɔl mi at. A biliv bak se dɛn dɔn fɔgiv mi sin dɛn tru Yu atonmɛnt ɛn a dɔn gɛt layf we go de sote go tru Yu. A tɛl Yu tɛnki fɔ di sev we Yu dɔn gi mi. Amen.

REFERENCES:

1. Andy Knoll (2004) PBS Nova interview, 3. May 2004,  sit. Antony Flew & Roy Varghese (2007) There is A God: How the World’s Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind. New York: HarperOne

2. J. Morgan: The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of Scientific Age (1996). Reading: Addison-Wesley

3. Stephen Jay Gould: Hirmulisko heinäsuovassa (Dinosaur in a Haystack), p. 115,116,141

4. Stephen Jay Gould: Hirmulisko heinäsuovassa (Dinosaur in a Haystack), p. 115,116,141

5. Sylvia Baker: Kehitysoppi ja Raamatun arvovalta, p. 104,105

6. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 34

7. Kysymyksiä ja vastauksia luomisesta (The Creation Answers Book, Don Batten, David Catchpoole, Jonathan Sarfati, Carl Wieland), p. 84

8. Jonathan Sarfati: Puuttuvat vuosimiljoonat, Luominen-magazine, number 7, p. 29,30,

http://creation.com/ariel-roth-interview-flat-gaps

9. Pearce, F., The Fire-eater’s island, New Scientist 189 (2536):

11.  Stephen Jay Gould: Catastrophes and steady state earth, Natural History, 84(2):15-16 / Ref. 6, p. 115.

12. George Mc Cready Price: New Geology, lainaus A.M Rehnwinkelin kirjasta Flood, p. 267, 278

13. (The Panda’s Thumb, 1988, p. 182,183)

14. Francis Hitching: Arvoitukselliset tapahtumat (The World Atlas of Mysteries), p. 159

15. Richard Dawkins: Jumalharha (The God Delusion), p. 153

16. Stephen Jay Gould: The Panda’s Thumb, (1988), p. 182,183. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

17. Charles Darwin: Lajien synty (The origin of species), p. 457

18. Darwin, F & Seward A. C. toim. (1903, 1: 184): More letters of Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray.

19. Christopher Booker: “The Evolution of a Theory”, The Star, Johannesburg, 20.4.1982, p. 19

20. L.B.S. Leakey: "Adam's Ancestors", p. 230

21. R.S. Lull: The Antiquity of Man”, The Evolution of Earth and Man, p. 156

22. Marvin L. Lubenow: Myytti apinaihmisestä (Bones of Contention), p. 20-22

23. Journal of the royal college of surgeons of Edinburgh, tammikuu 1966, p. 93 – citation from: "Elämä maan päällä - kehityksen vai luomisen tulos?", p. 93,94.

24. Solly Zuckerman: Beyond the ivory tower, 1970, p. 90 - citation from: "Elämä maan päällä - kehityksen vai luomisen tulos?". p. 94.