|
|
|
This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
ʻO ka male male kāne a me nā keiki
ʻO ka male kāne kūʻokoʻa a me nā keiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka hehi ʻia ʻana o nā pono kanaka o nā keiki i ka wā i hōʻole ʻia ai ke kuleana i ko lākou mau mākua ola - hoʻohana i ke kumu i nā pono kanaka a me ke kaulike o nā mākua.
Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka male male kāne a me ka mana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻohana i nā keiki. ʻO ka poʻe e kākoʻo ana i ka male kūʻokoʻa kāne a kū i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka moekolohe i loko o ke kaiāulu, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea mai ka ʻike o nā keiki. ʻAʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o nā koho a me nā kānāwai o nā mākua i nā keiki. Ke kamaʻilio wale nei kēia poʻe e pili ana i ke kaulike, nā pono kanaka a me ka like ʻole o ka nohona, akā poina lākou e loaʻa i nā keiki nā kuleana kanaka. Pono e loaʻa iā lāua ke kuleana mai ka hānau ʻana a i ko lāua mau mākua hānau ʻelua. He pilikia inā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia. Manaʻo ʻia ka makua ʻole a me ka makuahine ʻole he mea maʻamau a makemake ʻia. A laila, manaʻo ʻia nā keiki e hoʻololi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua lawe ʻia kēia kuleana kumu mai o lākou aku a mahalo hoʻi. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia kumuhana e hoʻāʻo e hoʻololi i ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā keiki i ka manaʻo ʻo ke kūʻē ʻana i ka male male kāne e hōʻike ana i ka homophobia a me ka inaina i nā kāne kāne. Manaʻo ka poʻe e ʻōlelo nei ua ʻike a ʻike lākou i ka noʻonoʻo o loko a me nā manaʻo o ke kanaka i ʻae ʻole i ko lākou manaʻo. ʻAʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻē i nā mea wale nō ma ke kumu o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole naʻe e inaina i kekahi. ʻAʻole hoʻi e noʻonoʻo ka poʻe kākoʻo i ka male male kāne ʻole he nui nā kāne kāne i kūʻē i kēia pilikia. Ke ʻike nei lākou he mea hōʻeha ia i ke kuleana o ke keiki i ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine. Ua haʻi ʻo Bongibault i ka homosexual atheist ma kahi ninaninau (Wendy Wright, French Homosexuals Join Demonstration Against Gay Marriage):
NO KE AHA E KĀKOʻO AI NĀ KĀNAKA I KA MALE KĀNE ʻOLE? Ke hoʻāʻo nei e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka male kāne - he ʻano kūlohelohe a i ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia e kekahi mau kumu hope a me ka pane ʻana o ke kanaka iā lākou - ke hilinaʻi pinepine nei ka poʻe i ka koho mua. ʻO kēia mea i manaʻo nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he inclination innate Hoʻopiʻi pū ʻia ka innateness o ka homosexuality e nā mea i kapa ʻia he mau ʻelele o ka hui kāne kāne Kalikiano (eia ma Finland, no ka laʻana, Yhteys-movement a me Tulkaa kaikki-movement) . Ua hāpai ʻo Liisa Tuovinen, ke alakaʻi o ka Yhteys-movement, i kēia manaʻo nui ma kahi kūkākūkā TV ma 2002:
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o Paul no ka homosexuality, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kanaka maoli ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. (2)
Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka male kāne ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kekahi o nā kumu nui loa i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ai ka male kāne ʻole a me ke ʻano o ka noho kāne kāne i ka nohona o kēia mau lā. Manaʻo ʻia inā he ʻano hānau e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻili a i ʻole ka lima hema, a laila ʻaʻole pono ke pale aku i ka nohona kāne kāne a me ka poʻe i loaʻa ia ʻano? ʻAʻole pono ke kākoʻo i ka poʻe i kā lākou koho moe kolohe? Akā, he aha ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ia mea? He nui ka poʻe homosexuals e hōʻole i ka mea maoli. Hiki paha i kekahi ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa he mea maoli ia, akā he nui ka poʻe e ʻae i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka moekolohe a me nā kūlana i ka hānau ʻana o ko lākou mau makemake. He mau manaʻo maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia i ka psychology i kekahi mau makahiki i hala. No laila, he mea like ia me ka ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole ke kumu e hele mai ai ka poʻe lawehala mai kekahi mau ʻano kūlana. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke koho i nā kūlana o ko lākou hānai ʻana a me nā mea i hana ʻia iā lākou, akā hiki i ke kanaka ke koho nona iho inā makemake ʻo ia e kala aku, inā paha e lilo ʻo ia i lawehala a i ʻole homosexuality. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻowalewale ʻia e hana i kēia mau mea, akā hiki iā ia ke koho i kona makemake e ola:
Heluhelu au i kahi noiʻi hoihoi a kekahi loea: he loiloi ia e ʻike ai i ka nui o ka poʻe homosexual ikaika i manaʻoʻiʻo ua hānau ʻia lākou. He kanawalukūmālima pakeneka o ka poʻe nīnauele i ka manaʻo he ʻano aʻo ʻia ko lākou moekolohe ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i ko lākou home a me ka hoʻowalewale ʻia e kekahi kanaka. I kēia mau lā, ʻo kaʻu nīnau mua i ka wā e hālāwai ai me kahi kāne kāne, "Na wai i hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana no ia?" Hiki iā lākou a pau ke pane mai iaʻu. A laila, e nīnau au, "He aha ka mea i hiki mai iā ʻoe a me kou moekolohe inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hālāwai me kou ʻanakala, a inā ʻaʻole i hele mai kou hoahānau i kou ola? A i ʻole kou makuakāne? He aha kāu e manaʻo ai i hiki mai?" ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā bele e kani. 'Ōlelo lākou, "Malia paha, malia paha." (3)
ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Ole i manaʻoʻiʻo aia kekahi ʻano "gen homosexual". Manaʻo ʻo ia he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kumu o ka manaʻo homosexual, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, no ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā pālua o nā māhoe like ʻole a hoʻokahi wale nō o ka male kāne. Manaʻo ʻo Ole he nui nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia i kāna ʻano, e like me kona paʻakikī a maikaʻi ʻole ka pilina me kona makuakāne i kona wā kamaliʻi. ʻAʻole paʻa ʻo Ole i ka haʻi ʻana i kona pilina me kona makuakāne i kona wā kamaliʻi. Manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo kona makuakāne ma laila a makaʻu ʻo ia i kona makuakāne. Ua huhū ka makua kāne i kekahi manawa, a ua manaʻo ʻo Ole ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa kona makuakāne iā ia i ka lehulehu. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ole ua inaina ʻo ia i kona makuakāne. (4)
Makemake ʻo Harri i ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka male kāne ma ka pāpā a me nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka male kāne. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia he liʻiliʻi loa ka pili ʻana o ka male kāne me nā kumu hānau. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kēia manaʻo, no ka laʻana, he mea maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ka poʻe i ka homosexual inclinations. Ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia lākou i ka hoʻomāinoino a i ʻole ka pilina paʻakikī me ko lākou mau mākua a i ʻole nā hoa. "ʻO kēia ka mea i hōʻoiaʻiʻo iaʻu ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea mua a me ka mea nui e pili ana i nā genes. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo he mea hiki ʻole i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i kekahi mau genes e hiki ai iā lākou ke maʻalahi i ka homosexual inclinations, "wahi a Harri. (5)
Ma kāna hihia, manaʻo ʻo Tepi ʻo ka male kāne ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi ʻano deficit naʻau āna e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopiha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tepi ua makaʻu ʻo ia i kona makuakāne i kona wā kamaliʻi a ʻo ia ka "makaʻu i nā kāne". Wahi a Tepi, ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i makuahine i waena o nā wahine. ʻOiai e noʻonoʻo ana ʻo Tepi i nā kumu o kāna moe kolohe, ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia e pili ana i kona aloha ʻana i nā wahine: "No ka mea, ua hele maoli ʻo ia me ke ʻano haʻalulu, ua noʻonoʻo wau i kekahi manawa pehea e hiki ai i kēlā ala." Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia he kumu no kēia. ʻAʻole manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Tepi ma muli o nā genes a i ʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke male kāne a male kāne mai ka hānau ʻana. I kona manaʻo, ulu ke kanaka i ke kāne kāne a i ʻole ka wahine, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe pilikia kūikawā. (6)
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo wau, e like me nā poʻe gay he nui, e noʻonoʻo nei no hea mai ka homosexuality. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano o ke keiki i loko o nā makahiki mua ʻekolu o ke ola, me ka moe kolohe. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia e ke kaiapuni a me ka biology kanaka. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻoʻiʻo he hoʻoilina ka homosexuality. No kekahi o koʻu mau ʻohana, paʻakikī koʻu male kāne no ka mea makaʻu lākou i ka hoʻoilina. (7)
ʻO ka male kāne ma muli o nā genes? E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ka wehewehe maʻamau no ka male kāne i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka congenital a ma muli o nā genes, a i ʻole nā hormones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā hāpai. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻo ka homosexuality ke kumu nui o nā kumu olaola. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kākoʻo ʻia kēia wehewehe ʻana e nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā māhoe. ʻO nā māhoe like ʻole ka like o nā genes a me ka ʻāina like i loko o ka ʻōpū, akā hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou hiki ke hoihoi i kā lākou kāne ponoʻī. Inā na nā genes i kumu ka male kāne, ʻaʻole pono kēia. ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻe mai kahi noiʻi nui e pili ana i ke kumuhana, i mālama ʻia ma Kanada a pili i kahi 20,000 mau kumuhana. Hōʻike ia ʻaʻole ʻo nā genes a me ka hoʻoilina he kumu hoʻoholo i ke kumu o ka male kāne.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina e pili ana i nā māhoe ma Kanada e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pilikanaka ma mua o nā genes (…) Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi ʻaʻohe mea nui o nā genes. Inā he kāne kāne kekahi o nā māhoe like ʻole, aia he 6.7% ka nui o ka makemake o kekahi māhoe ʻē aʻe i ka poʻe o ka wahine hoʻokahi. ʻO ka pākēneka no nā māhoe like ʻole he 7.2% a no nā kaikunāne maʻamau 5.5%. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia mau hopena i ke ʻano genetic i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna no ka male kāne. ʻO ke kaiapuni kahi e ulu ai nā māhoe i loko o ka ʻōpū o ko lākou makuahine ua like like ia no nā māhoe ʻelua ma ke ʻano o nā hormones, a pēlā nā hopena i loaʻa e Bearman lāua ʻo Brucker e hōʻole i ka manaʻo ʻaʻole ibalance i nā hormones o ka makuahine i ka wā hāpai ʻana i ka male kāne. (...) Ua loaʻa i nā haʻawina māhoe mua i kā lākou mau kumuhana ma nā keʻena lapaʻau a i ʻole ma o nā hui homosexual, a i ʻole he laʻana palena. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bearman lāua ʻo Brucker ʻo kā lākou noiʻi ʻana ʻo ia ka mea hilinaʻi loa no ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma kahi hōʻike maʻamau mai kahi noiʻi ʻōpio me ka lāhui holoʻokoʻa. Aia ma kahi o 20,000 mau kumuhana hoʻāʻo! Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ka poʻe noiʻi i ka ʻōlelo a kekahi o nā māhoe e pili ana i ka moe kolohe o ka māhoe: Akā, hele lākou i kahi māhoe ʻē aʻe a nīnau iā lākou e pili ana i ia mea. (8)
ʻAʻole manaʻoʻiʻo ka poʻe noiʻi homosexuality i ke ʻano maoli o ka homosexuality. Ua hāpai ʻo Olli Stålström, he lālā hoʻokumu o ka hui Finnish Seta, i kēia mea ma kāna dissertation Homoseksuaalisuuden sairausleiman loppu (The end to stigmatizing homosexuality as an maʻi, 1997). Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole i kākoʻo ka poʻe noiʻi homosexuality i ke kumumanaʻo "I was born gay" no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hālāwai ʻepekema i hele ʻia e nā haneli o nā ʻepekema:
ʻElua mau hālāwai ʻepekema i Dekemaba 1987 hiki ke ʻike ʻia he wahi koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala… e pili ana i 100 mau mea noiʻi homosexuality mai 22 mau ʻāina like ʻole ma 100 mau pūʻulu hana… Ua lokahi pū nā ʻaha kūkā ʻaʻole kūpono ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka male kāne ma ke ʻano he maʻi noʻonoʻo me nā manaʻo o ke ʻano maoli. Ua ʻike ʻia he pono e hōʻole i ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka homosexuality, e like me ka homosexuality loaʻa kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa mai ka manawa a me ka moʻomeheu i loaʻa kekahi kumu. (p. 299-300)
Nā keiki hānai . ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka nui o ka moekolohe e pili ana i nā kūlana a me nā kumu o ke kaiapuni ʻo nā keiki liʻiliʻi i haʻalele ʻia e noho me nā holoholona. ʻAʻohe o lākou makemake moe kolohe. Hōʻike kēia i ka pili ʻana o ka moekolohe kanaka i nā mea pili. ʻAʻole ʻo ka biology wale nō ka mea e hoʻoholo ai. ʻO ka mea noiʻi o ka noʻonoʻo hoʻomohala a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo kōkua no ka noʻonoʻo, ʻo Risto Vuorinen, e haʻi i kāna puke Minän synty ja kehitys [Hanau a me ka ulu ʻana iā ʻoe iho] (1997) e pili ana i kēia mau keiki liʻiliʻi i haʻalele ʻia, i kapa ʻia nā keiki feral, hānai ʻia e nā holoholona. Inā hoʻoholo wale ʻia ka moekolohe e nā genes, ʻaʻohe hihia penei:
He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike ʻana i ka moe kolohe o nā keiki feral. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ko lākou kino kino, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i kahi hoihoi pili i ka wahine... Me he mea lā he wā koʻikoʻi mua no ka ulu ʻana o ka moekolohe.
He nui ka poʻe kākoʻo i ka male male kāne i ʻae pololei ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo a i hoʻokumu ʻia paha ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana. ʻO kekahi o lākou ʻo John Corvino, ʻaʻole ia i manaʻoʻiʻo he hiʻohiʻona maoli ka male kāne. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Akā, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi ʻole he hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea ʻoluʻolu - a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo - hiki ke huki ʻia nā hopena mai ia mea" (9) Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻike wahine i kekahi ʻano me ka makahiki, akā ʻo ka pinepine ma ke ʻano heterosexual maʻamau. No kekahi poʻe ʻōpio, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻike kāne kāne, akā me ka makahiki, ʻike ka hapa nui o lākou i kahi ʻano heterosexual maʻamau:
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻAmelika nui i paʻi ʻia ma 2007 e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike pili wahine o 16-22 mau makahiki i hōʻike ʻia he 25 mau manawa o ka homosexual a bisexual paha e loli i ka heterosexual i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka hope. No ka hapanui o nā ʻōpio, ua emi ka manaʻo homosexual me ka makahiki. Ma kahi o 70 pakeneka o nā keikikāne 17 makahiki i hōʻike i ka makemake homosexual unilateral i hōʻike i ka heterosexuality unilateral i ka makahiki 22. (Savin-Williams & Ream 2007: 385 pp.) (10)
HE KANAWAI MARE KUA KUA NEI? ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana no ka male ʻana i ke kāne ʻole, ʻo ia ka hoʻokae ʻana o ke kānāwai male maʻamau. ʻO ia ke kumu e kamaʻilio ai ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka male male kāne e pili ana i ke kaulike a me ka hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻokae, ke pale lākou i ko lākou manaʻo. Hiki i ka media ke hoʻopuka i nā leka nani e pili ana i nā pono kanaka a me ke kaulike.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka male ʻana no nā mākua a pau a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka male . Ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻokae ʻana e pili ana i ke kānāwai male maʻamau, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he kuleana ko nā mākua a pau i ka male. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma ʻaneʻi. Hiki i kēlā me kēia kāne makua a wahine paha ke komo i ka male ʻana me ka wahine ʻē. No laila ua like ke kānāwai male maʻamau a ʻaʻole hoʻokae i kekahi. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe he kūʻē i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akā, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻonui i ka male ʻana i nā kāne like ʻole e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka male. He manaʻo hou ka huaʻōlelo male ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma mua. E like me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka pilina hana maʻamau ma waena o ka mea hana a me kahi limahana ʻo ia ka male, a i ʻole he kaʻa kaʻa a me ka mokulele, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole pēlā. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo, i hoʻomaopopo ʻia no nā kenekulia i ka mōʻaukala kanaka, ʻo ia wale nō ka pilina ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine, no laila e hoʻololi i ka manaʻo i kahi ʻokoʻa ma o ka manaʻo male kāne ʻole o ka male. Hoʻololi ia i kahi hana i lanakila ma nā moʻomeheu nui āpau no nā kaukani makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke aloha. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hoʻopau ke kānāwai male male kāne e hoʻopau i ka like ʻole a me ka hoʻokae ʻana he hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi ʻole no ka mea aia nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, inā kapa ʻia ka pilina kāne kāne he male, pehea e hiki ai i kekahi ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe mai ke kānāwai hoʻokahi? No ke aha e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka poʻe liʻiliʻi male kāne i loko o ke kānāwai male? Inā mākou e hahai i ka manaʻo like me ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei e pale i kēia pilikia, pono e hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā ʻano pili i loko o ke ʻano o ke kānāwai. Inā haʻalele ʻia lākou, ʻo ia, e like me ka loiloi like, ka hoʻokae a me ke kākoʻo no ka like ʻole. Loaʻa ia mau hopena inā hahai mākou i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe kākoʻo i ka male male kāne a ke hoʻololi mākou i ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo male:
• Ka pilina ma waena o ka makuahine a me ke kaikamahine, oiai laua e noho ana ma ka hale hookahi
• Kanaka, e noho ana me kana ilio
• Nā pilina poligami
• ʻElua haumāna e noho ana ma ka hale moe hoʻokahi
• Hoʻokahi ʻano o ka pilina inest. ʻAʻole ʻae ka poʻe kākoʻo i ka male kāne kāne i kēlā mau pilina no ka mea ua manaʻo lākou he hewa lākou. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i ka male kāne ʻole ke hōʻole iā ia no ke kumu like. Manaʻo paha lākou he hewa i ka pono.
Ua kākau ʻo Professor, Anto Leikola, e pili ana i kēia pukana ma Yliopisto [University] magazine (8 / 1996) me ka inoa ʻo Olisiko rakkauskin rekisteröitävä? [E kakau inoa pu anei ke aloha?] . Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ka hahai ʻana i ka loina like, ʻaʻole kūlike ka palena ʻana i ka hihia i nā kāne kāne wale nō. No ke aha e hoʻokomo wale ʻia ai lākou i loko o ke ʻano o ke kānāwai male, inā he nui nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe e haʻalele ana i ka maʻamau?
He aha inā inā ʻelua mau kaikunāne i pili pono kekahi i kekahi, makemake lākou e loaʻa i kahi keʻena like a ʻoi aku, a ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi keiki hui? No ke aha e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī iā lākou ma mua o nā kāne kāne? No ka mea, aia ke aloha ma waena o ka hope, akā ʻaʻole ma waena o ka mea ma mua, a ma waena paha o nā hoaaloha? …Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka hui ʻana he hanana kaiapuni…Inā hāʻawi ʻia kēlā manawa kūpono i nā kāne like ʻole, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu ke kumu e kaupalena ʻia ai i nā kāne kāne. A i ʻole ke manaʻo nei mākou he poʻe kāne like ʻole ka poʻe e noho pū ana a pili pū kekahi i kekahi? A i ʻole e noʻonoʻo paha mākou ʻaʻole pili ka male kāne i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka moekolohe ... Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo he mea makemake ia e hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā pilina pili kāne, akā ʻaʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i kahi moe kolohe.
ʻAʻole ʻimi ka hapa nui o nā kāne male i ka male . Ke alualu ʻia ka male male kāne ʻole, ʻo kekahi o nā mea nui ʻo ka hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻokae a me ka like ʻole. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka male male kāne ʻole, kahi e hiki ai i nā kāne male kāne ke mare kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokae. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo naʻe, ma kēlā mau ʻāina kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka male kāne kāne no ka manawa lōʻihi, he kakaikahi wale nō ka mea i makemake e mare. Ma Netherlands, ua paʻa ka male kāne like ʻole no nā makahiki he ʻumi, akā he 20% wale nō o nā kāne male kāne i male. E pili ana i nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu. Wahi a kekahi mau manaʻo, ʻo 8% wale nō o nā kāne male kāne e komo i ka male. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hōʻike nā helu he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā kāne kāne i makemake e mare. Akā, ʻaʻole makemake ka hapa nui o lākou (e like me ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kākoʻo) e ʻike i ka kaulike a me ke kūʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻokae ʻana.
KE KUMU O NA KEIKI . E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻae ʻia ka male male kāne ʻole mai ka manaʻo o ke kaulike a ma ke ʻano he hihia pono kanaka. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o kēia mea e hoʻopau ai i ka pono ʻole o ke kānāwai. Eia naʻe, ua nānā wale ʻia kēia kumuhana mai ka manaʻo o nā mākua a ua poina nā keiki. ʻO ke kānāwai male kūʻokoʻa kāne he hihia pono kanaka, akā he ʻokoʻa i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia: ʻo ia hoʻi ka uhaki ʻana i nā pono kanaka o nā keiki. No ka mea, i kēlā mau hihia i manaʻo ai nā kāne male kāne e hānau keiki (hiki iā ia, no ka laʻana, ma o nā panakō sperm a me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole kekahi o nā kāne kāne i loko o kahi pilina heterosexual lōʻihi), ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ke keiki mai kona makuakāne ola a i ʻole. makuahine mai ka hānau ʻana mai ma muli wale nō o ka manaʻo ʻana o nā mākua ʻo ka male kūʻokoʻa kāne ʻo ia ko lākou kuleana. No laila, hoʻokae ke kānāwai male kāne ʻole i nā keiki ma ka uku o nā mākua. Hoʻonoho ʻia nā kūʻokoʻa o nā mākua ma mua o nā pono kumu o nā keiki. Aia kekahi mau kūlana e ulu ai ke keiki me ka makua ʻole a makua ʻole, akā he mea ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kahi keiki makua ʻole a makua ʻole paha e hoʻokō i ka makemake o nā mākua. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ai i kahi male male kāne kahi e loaʻa ai nā keiki. Ma Farani, nui nā kāne kāne i kū i ke kūlana. ʻIke lākou i ke kānāwai o ka male kāne ʻole e uhaki i ke kuleana o ke keiki i ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine. ʻO kēia ke kumu e hōʻole ai lākou i ka male kāne ʻole:
Jean-Pierre Delaume-Myard: He kāne homophobe au… Ke kūʻē nei au i ka male kūʻokoʻa kāne, no ka mea, ke pale aku nei au i ke kuleana o ke keiki e loaʻa ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine. (11)
Jean-Marc Veyron la Croix: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka ko lākou mau palena: ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole aʻu keiki a ʻaʻole wau e haʻalele i kahi keiki, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi iaʻu i ke kuleana e lawe i ke aloha o ka makuahine mai kahi keiki. (12)
ʻO Hervé Jourdan: He hua o ke aloha ke keiki a pono ʻo ia e noho ma ke ʻano he hua o ke aloha. (13)
Hānau keiki . I ka pili ʻana i ka pilina heterosexual, loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pilina kāne like: hiki i nā pilina heterosexual ke loaʻa keiki, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hope. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu nui loa o ka male ʻana o ke kāne a me ka wahine i wahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi loa no nā keiki. Hāʻawi ia i nā keiki i ka manawa e ulu ai ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o ko lākou makua kāne a me ko lākou makuahine mai ka hoʻomaka. ʻO ka pilikia me ka pili kāne kāne, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa nā keiki ma o ka pilina heterosexual pōkole a i ʻole ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka hoʻolimalima o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā panakō sperm, haʻalele ke keiki i ka makua ʻole a makuahine ʻole. Ua nalo ʻo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o kona mau mākua ola ma ka home, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke ulu pū. Pono ke keiki e noho me ka ʻole o kona makua ola ʻē aʻe mai kinohi mai ma muli o nā koho a nā mākua. ʻO ka poʻe i ulu aʻe i loko o ka ʻohana homosexual ua hoʻohewa lākou i ka hana o ka hoʻonele ʻana i ke keiki i ke kuleana i ka makua kāne a makuahine paha ma kēia ʻano; ma ke noi ʻana i ke kaulike ma waena o nā mākua. Ua hoʻonele ʻia lākou i ke kuleana o kekahi o ko lākou mau mākua. Ua haʻi ʻo Jean-Dominique Bunel, ka mea i ulu me kona makuahine wahine a me kāna hoa wahine, i kona ʻike ʻana. Ua pilikia ʻo ia i ka nele o ka makua kāne. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia inā ua paʻa mua ka male kāne ʻole i kona wā e ulu ana, inā ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i ka mokuʻāina, no ka mea ua hiki ke uhaki i nā kuleana o kāna keiki:
Hoʻopuka pū ka manaʻo ma lalo i kēia pilikia. ʻO ka nele o ka makua kāne a i ʻole ka makuahine ke kumu e paʻakikī ai nā keiki i ka ulu ʻana i kahi ʻano homosexual. ʻAʻole ia he nīnau no ka lawa ʻole o ka makua kāne kāne hoʻokahi i ka mālama ʻana, akā he mea no ka hoʻonele ʻana i kahi keiki mai ke alo o kāna makua ola ʻē aʻe mai ka hānau ʻana.
Hoʻopiʻi ʻo Robert Oscar Lopez (2012) i ka haʻi ʻōlelo o ka homophobia ma ke ʻano he prejudiced a haiki-noʻonoʻo, no ka mea, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka poʻe e like me ia he homophobic, ka mea i ulu aʻe i loko o ka home o ka wahine male, ua noho i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola i kahi moʻomeheu homosexual, akā. ke kū'ē mau nei i ka male male kāne ʻole no ka mea ua manaʻo lākou he mea ʻino ia i ke kuleana o ke keiki i ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine. Wahi a Lopez, he mea paʻakikī ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia he homophobic no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ākea ʻo ia ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka nele o ka makua kāne me ka paʻakikī ʻoiai e ulu ana ma ka home o kona makuahine a me kāna hoa wahine. "Inā ʻimi ka kāne like ʻole e hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o ka makua heterosexual ma o ka surrogacy, insemination artificial, hemo, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana, ke lawe nei lākou i nā pilikia kūpono. ʻike maikaʻi lākou i ke kuleana o ko lākou mau mākua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ola koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā kuʻuna moʻomeheu e like me ka Lā Makua a me Māmā. Paʻakikī ke kūlana o nā keiki, ke kapa ʻia lākou he 'homophobic' ma muli wale nō o ko lākou pilikia - a ʻae ʻia - ke koʻikoʻi kūlohelohe i kau ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. (Lopez 2013.) (15)
Ke kiʻi ʻia nā keiki ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me nā panakō sperm, pono mākou e kū i nā pilikia etika. ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia ka haʻalele ʻana o ka makuahine i ke keiki āna e hāpai nei. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pahuhopu i ka hoʻolimalima uterine. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻopau i kona manaʻo no ke keiki a uku ʻia ʻo ia. Kūʻai ʻo ia i kāna mau kuleana i kahi keiki āna e ʻike ʻole hou ai. Eia nō naʻe, no ka poʻe he nui ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou ʻano makuahine, ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi iā lākou e makemake e hoʻopau i ka ʻaelike surrogacy. Ua hoʻomaopopo kēia mau wāhine i ko lākou aloha i ke keiki i loko o lākou, kahi i hoʻololi ai ko lākou manaʻo. Eia kekahi, pilikia ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i ka ʻōpū no nā keiki. No ka mea, ke hāʻawi ka makuahine i kona kuleana i ke keiki, hiki i ke keiki ke ʻike i ka haʻalele ʻana. Hiki ke ala mai nā nīnau iā ia, no ke aha i kūʻai aku ai kona makuahine iā ia no ke kālā me ka mālama ʻole. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, haʻi ka pūnaewele ʻo Alana Newman AnonymousUS.org e pili ana i nā ʻike a me nā manaʻo o ia mau keiki. ʻO Frank Litgvoet, e noho ana i kahi pilina kāne kāne, haʻi pololei e pili ana i kahi hihia like. Ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i kāna mau keiki hānai i hala i ko lākou makuahine. He mea paʻakikī a ʻeha hoʻi i nā keiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka makuahine i kāna mau keiki ma mua.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke kūlana o kahi keiki "makuahine ʻole" i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana, no ka mea, pili ia i ka makuahine hānau, e hele mai ana i loko o ke ola o ke keiki a laila haʻalele. A i ka wā ʻaʻole o ka makuahine ma ke kino, noho mālie ʻo ia, e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai ma nā moʻolelo o nā keiki hānai he nui i hiki i ke kanaka makua, aia i loko o nā moeʻuhane, nā kiʻi, ka ʻiʻini, a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka makuahine i ke ola o kā mākou mau keiki he mea maʻamau ka maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā keiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka makuahine, ʻaʻole wale no ke kaumaha o ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi kanaka makua aloha, akā no ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka nīnau paʻakikī a ʻeha hoʻi no ke kumu i haʻalele ai ka makuahine i kāna keiki ma kahi mua. (16)
Pehea e pili ana i nā loina o nā panakō sperm a me nā mālama fertilization? Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hāʻawi ʻoluʻolu nā kāne i kā lākou sperm no ka insemination, no laila ʻaʻole pono kēia mau kāne e ʻeha i nā manaʻo paʻakikī e hiki ke loaʻa me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻana i ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ia ke kaumaha o nā keiki i ke kaumaha o ka makua ʻole. Hiki ke paʻakikī loa nā keiki i hana ʻia inā hoʻokomo ka makuahine iā lākou i kahi kūlana ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike a launa pū me ko lākou makuakāne. Ua wehewehe ʻo Tapio Puolimatka i kā Yale University psychiatrist Kyle Pruett i ka noiʻi ʻana ma ke kumuhana (Kyle Pruett: Fatherneed, New York, Broadway, 2000). He mea paʻakikī i nā keiki ke noho i kahi ʻano kūlana waena me ka ʻole o ka pilina me ko lākou makuakāne ola:
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Yale University psychiatrist Kyle Pruett (2000: 207) ma muli o kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma muli o ka insemination artificial a hānai ʻia me ka makua ʻole he "pōloli no ka noho mau o ko lākou makuakāne". Kūlike kāna noiʻi ʻana me nā haʻawina o ka hemo ʻana a me ka makua hoʻokahi e hōʻike ana i ka nele o ka makua kāne. Hōʻike pū ka noiʻi a Pruett i nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma muli o ka insemination kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻike e pili ana i ko lākou makuakāne, he mau nīnau hohonu a hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou kumu ola a me ka ʻohana kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou. ʻAʻole ʻike kēia mau keiki i ko lākou makuakāne a i ʻole ka ʻohana o ko lākou makuakāne, a he mea hoʻopailua iā lākou ke noho i loko o ke ʻano o ka mokuʻāina me ka ʻole o ka pilina me ko lākou makuakāne ola (Pruett 2000:204-208) (17)
Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Alana Newman i ke kumuhana like. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia e ka insemination artificial, nāna i hoʻohana i ka sperm mai kahi mea hāʻawi inoa ʻole. Ke kū'ē ikaika neiʻo ia i ka hana kahi i hoʻoneleʻia ai ke keiki i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina me kona mau mākua ola pono'ī a ulu i loko o kā lākou mālama. Ma muli o kāna mau ʻike ponoʻī, ua loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia ʻike a me ka inaina i ka wahine ʻē. Ma kāna palapala hōʻike i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo o Kaleponi, ua kākau ʻo ia ma ke kumuhana:
… Ua loaʻa iaʻu nā pilikia ʻike i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i koʻu noʻonoʻo, hilinaʻi a me ka inaina i ke kāne ʻē, nā manaʻo o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia – me he mea lā he mea pāʻani wale nō wau. Ua like au me he mea lā he hoʻokolohua ʻepekema. (18)
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā mākua i nā keiki . Kūkākūkā pinepine nā polokalamu kīwī a me nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ka makemake o nā keiki e ʻike i ka makua hānau a lākou i ʻike ʻole ai a ua nalowale mai ko lākou ola ʻana. Nui ko lākou ʻiʻini e ʻimi i ko lākou mau aʻa ponoʻī a e hālāwai me ka makua kāne ola a i ʻole ka makuahine i nalowale iā lākou. Ua lilo kēia i mea maʻamau i kēia mau lā, e laʻa ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu oki mare. Mai ka manaʻo o ke keiki, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia nā mākua ola ʻelua a mālama pono kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻopuka pū ʻia kēia ma nā ʻike ola ola he nui. ʻO kēlā mau keiki i haʻihaʻi ko lākou pilina me ko lākou mau mākua, e laʻa me ka hopena o ka waiʻona, ka hana ʻino a i ʻole ka hemo maʻamau, e loaʻa i nā pilikia he nui i ko lākou ola ʻana i nā keiki i ulu i loko o nā ʻohana paʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e kuhikuhi i kēia. Hōʻike ia i ke ʻano o ka makua ʻole, ka nele o ka makua kāne ma ka home, he pilikia hou.
I koʻu kamaʻilio ʻana ma kahi kahua hoʻomoana o nā kāne ma Hume Lake ma Kaleponi, ua ʻōlelo au e hoʻohana ka makua kāne maʻamau i ʻekolu mau minuke manawa maikaʻi me kāna keiki i ka lā. Ma hope o ka hālāwai, nīnau kekahi kanaka i kaʻu ʻike. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "He ʻōlelo wale nō ʻoukou e ka poʻe haʻi. Wahi a ka noiʻi hou loa, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka makua kāne maʻamau i ʻekolu mau minuke i kēlā me kēia lā me kāna mau keiki, akā he 35 kekona ." Manaʻoʻiʻo wau iā ia no ka mea ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kahu kula ma waena o Kaleponi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi mai ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi helu haʻalulu. Ma kekahi apana kula ma Kaleponi, he 483 mau haumana ma ka hoonaauao kūikawā. ʻAʻohe makua kāne o kēlā mau haumāna ma ka home. Ma kekahi wahi ma waho o Seattle, 61% o nā keiki e noho me ka makua ʻole. He hōʻino ka nele o ka makua kāne i kēia mau lā. (19)
Pehea e pili ai i ke kumuhana i kūkākūkā ʻia? I ka pōkole, ʻo ka noho ʻana o nā mākua ola ʻelua, ke aloha o nā mākua i kekahi i kekahi a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, no ke keiki he mea nui ia no ka maikaʻi a me ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki. Nui nā noiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka ulu a maikaʻi o ke keiki inā ʻae ʻia ʻo ia e noho me kona mau mākua ola ponoʻī i loko o kahi ʻohana me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hakakā. Inā he mau keiki ka helu hoʻohālikelike, ka poʻe i ʻike i ka hemo ʻana o nā mākua a i ʻole nā ʻohana makua hoʻokahi, nā ʻohana hou a me nā pilina pili, ua ʻike ʻia lākou he mau mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki. I ka pilina kāne kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia (inā loaʻa nā keiki ma o ka pilina heterosexual lōʻihi a i ʻole ma nā ʻano hana hana). no ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke keiki mai ka makua hoʻokahi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kona ola ʻana. ʻAʻole ia he koho maikaʻi no nā keiki, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Hōʻike kekahi mau manaʻo i ke koʻikoʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mākua ola ʻelua i loko o ka ʻohana. ʻO ka mea e manaʻo nei e hemo i kāna kāne e noʻonoʻo ʻelua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe makua kūpono, a i kekahi manawa pono ke noho kaʻawale ma muli o ka laʻana, ka hana ʻino. Eia naʻe, no nā keiki, ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa no nā mākua e launa pū kekahi me kekahi a aʻo e ʻae kekahi i kekahi:
Ua hōʻike maopopo mai ka noiʻi ʻana he mea nui ke ʻano o ka ʻohana no nā keiki a ua kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻia lākou e kahi ʻohana, ʻelua mau mākua ola i ka male e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻohana, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka hakakā o nā mākua. ʻO nā keiki i loko o nā ʻohana makua hoʻokahi, nā keiki i hānau ʻia e nā makuahine ʻaʻole i mare ʻia, a me nā keiki i loko o nā ʻohana i hui pū ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻohana e noho pū ana, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i kahi ala maikaʻi ʻole. ma waena o nā mākua ola. (21)
Inā noi ʻia mākou e hoʻolālā i kahi ʻōnaehana e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā pono kumu a pau o nā keiki, e hoʻopau paha mākou i kahi, he aha ka mea e like me ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mākua ʻelua. Ma ke kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo kēia ʻano hoʻolālā wale nō e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā keiki i nā manawa a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻelua, hāʻawi pū kekahi i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu a kaulike, e hāpai ana i ka makua kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pilina olaola o nā mākua ʻelua me ke keiki e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki i nā mākua ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou iho me ke keiki a mākaukau e hana i nā mōhai no ke keiki. Hoʻemi pū ia i ka manaʻo o nā mākua e hoʻohana i ke keiki. (22)
Ua hōʻike nui ʻia ʻaʻole ulu nā keiki, ʻoiai ka mālama kino maikaʻi inā mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā keʻena pilikino, a ʻo ka kaʻawale ʻana mai ka makuahine - ʻoi aku hoʻi i kekahi mau manawa - e pōʻino loa ke keiki. ʻO nā hopena maʻamau o ka mālama ʻana i ke kula, ʻo ia ka lohi o ka noʻonoʻo, ka manaʻo ʻole, ka hoʻihoʻi a hiki i ka make, ke loaʻa ʻole kahi makuahine pani. (23)
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o nā mākua ʻelua i ke ola o nā keiki. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka ʻike hana a me nā haʻawina he nui. Hiki i ka makua hoʻokahi ke lilo i kumu hoʻohālike i ko lākou kuleana ma ke ʻano he makua, akā ʻaʻole ia e pani i ka makua nalo o ke kāne. Wahi a ka noiʻi, ʻo nā keiki i ulu i nā ʻohana haʻihaʻi (ʻohana makua hoʻokahi, ʻohana hou ...) ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano pilikia. Hōʻike lākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ke alo aloha o nā mākua ola ʻelua:
• Haʻahaʻa ka pae hoʻonaʻauao a me ka helu puka kula
• ʻO nā keikikāne i ulu me ka makua ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke ala o ka hana ʻino a me ka hewa
• He mea maʻamau ka pilikia o ka naʻau, ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻāʻo pepehi kanaka i nā keiki i loaʻa ʻole nā mākua ʻelua i ka ʻohana
• ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka waiʻona
• He mea maʻamau ka hāpai ʻana o nā ʻōpio a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana
Pehea ke kūlana o nā keiki i hānai ʻia e nā kāne male kāne ma kēia wahi? I ka pōkole, loaʻa iā lākou nā pilikia like me nā keiki ʻē aʻe i hele mai i ka pilina ʻohana haʻihaʻi. ʻO ka papa ma lalo nei, pili i ka noiʻi a Australian Sotirios Sarantokis e pili ana i ke kumuhana (22), e hōʻike ana i ke kumuhana. ʻO ka haʻawina āna i hoʻomākaukau ai i ka makahiki 1996, ʻo ia ka haʻawina nui loa e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā hopena ulu o nā keiki a hiki i ka makahiki 2000. Ua noʻonoʻo ka haʻawina i nā loiloi ponoʻī a nā mākua, nā hopena kula a me nā loiloi a nā kumu i ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki:
ʻO kekahi noiʻi like ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia e ka sociology professor Mark Regnerus. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o nā hale ʻohana i nā keiki. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ke aʻo ʻana ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka laʻana maʻamau a me kahi laʻana nui (15,000 ʻōpio ʻAmelika). Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laʻana ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hale kahi i noho ai kekahi o nā pākeke i kekahi manawa i ka pilina kāne kāne. Ua paʻi ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma Social Science Research, ka mea hoʻolaha sociology kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia haʻawina e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia o ka naʻau a me ka pilikanaka i nā keiki o nā kāne male kāne ma mua o nā keiki i ulu me nā mākua ola ʻelua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Robert Oscar Lopez, ka mea nāna i ulu me ka makuahine wahine a me kāna hoa wahine, i ka noiʻi a Regnerus:
Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi a Regnerus he 248 mau keiki makua i loaʻa ka pilina aloha me ke kāne like ʻole. I ka wā i hāʻawi ʻia ai kēia mau keiki makua i ka manawa kūpono e loiloi pono i ko lākou wā kamaliʻi mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kanaka makua, ua hāʻawi lākou i nā pane i kūpono ʻole me ka ʻōlelo kaulike i loko o ka papahana male male kāne. Eia nō naʻe, kākoʻo ʻia kēia mau hopena e kekahi mea koʻikoʻi i ke ola, ʻo ia hoʻi ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau: He paʻakikī ke ulu ʻokoʻa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kēia mau pilikia e hoʻonui i ka pilikia e loaʻa i nā keiki nā pilikia hoʻoponopono a mālama lākou iā lākou iho me ka waiʻona. a me nā ʻano hana ʻino ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēlā me kēia 248 mau nīnauele i kā lākou moʻolelo ponoʻī kanaka me nā kumu paʻakikī. E like me kaʻu moʻolelo ponoʻī, ʻO nā moʻolelo o kēia poʻe 248 pono e haʻi. Hana ka hana homosexual i nā mea āpau e hiki ai ke hōʻoia ʻaʻole hoʻolohe kekahi iā lākou. (25)
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka pilikia nā keiki o nā kāne male kāne. Pela no na keiki a pau i hele mai mai na home wawahi. He nui nā pilikia i loko o ko lākou ola ma mua o nā keiki i loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi e ulu me kahi ʻohana ola ola. Eia kekahi, pilikia ka moʻomeheu kāne kāne no nā keiki, e laʻa no kēia mau kumu. Lawe lākou i ka pilikia i ke ola o nā keiki:
• Loaʻa i nā kāne kāne nā pilina ʻokoʻa. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā kāne male kāne, e like me ka noiʻi hoʻokahi (Mercer et al 2009) i ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilina ma mua o nā kāne heterosexual.
• Hōʻike ʻia nā wahine homosexual e nā pilina pōkole. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pākēneka ʻokoʻa o nā kāne male ma mua o nā kāne kāne. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne heterosexual, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻokoʻa. Hoʻopilikia pū kēia i ke ola o nā keiki.
• Ke kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kāne a ʻaʻole hoʻokahi o nā mākua i ka makua ponoʻī o ke keiki, piʻi ka pilikia o ka hoʻomāinoino. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i alakaʻi ʻia e Regnerus he 2% wale nō o nā keiki i hānai ʻia e ko lākou makua kāne a me ko lākou makuahine i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻopā ʻia lākou, aʻo 23% o nā keiki i hānai ʻia e ka makuahine lesbian ua ʻōlelo lākou ua ʻike like lākou. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka mea like ma waena o nā kāne kāne kāne ma mua o nā kāne kāne.
• E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, nui ka poʻe hoʻoikaika o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kāne kāne i kūʻē a hōʻino i kēlā mau hana kahi e makemake ai ka poʻe e hoʻopau i ka nohona kāne kāne. Ua hoʻouka lākou iā ia me ka ʻōlelo ʻana he mea pōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o nā kāne he nui i ka pōʻino a me ka pilikia ma muli o ka nui o nā pilina pili. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o nā kāne i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he pilikia ka AIDS. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopōkole nui i ko lākou ola ponoʻī, akā hiki ke kaʻawale i kekahi makua mai ke keiki. ʻAʻole paʻa kēia i ke ola o nā keiki. Hōʻike hou aku ka ʻōlelo aʻe e pili ana i ke kumuhana. He haʻawina i alakaʻi ʻia e Kauka Robert S. Hogg. Ua hōʻiliʻili kāna hui i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā kāne male kāne a me nā kāne bisexual ma ka ʻāina ʻo Vancouver mai 1987-1992. Ua nānā ka haʻawina i ka hopena o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole ka manaʻo, ma ka awelika o ke ola. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua ulu nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka wā ma mua,
ʻO ke kūlana o nā kāne bi a me nā kāne kāne kāne e ola mai ka makahiki 20 a hiki i ka makahiki 65 ma waena o 32 a me 59 pakeneka. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia mau helu ma mua o nā kāne ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he 78 ka nui o ka manawa e ola ai mai ka makahiki 20 a hiki i ka makahiki 65. Ka hopena: Ma kahi kūlanakauhale nui ʻo Kanada, ʻo ka manaʻolana o ke ola o nā kāne male kāne a me nā kāne bisexual i kā lākou 20s he 8-20 mau makahiki. emi iho i ko na kanaka e ae. Inā e hoʻomau ka ʻano like o ka make, e like me kā mākou manaʻo, kokoke i ka hapalua o nā kāne male kāne a me nā kāne bisexual i kēia manawa i kā lākou 20s ʻaʻole e hiki i ko lākou lā hānau 65th. ʻOiai ma nā manaʻo kūʻokoʻa loa, ʻo nā kāne kāne kāne a me nā kāne bisexual ma kēia kikowaena kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa ua like ko lākou ola me ko nā kāne a pau ma Kanada i ka makahiki 1871. (26)
Pehea ka hana a ka poʻe i kēia? E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, hiki i ka makua kāne kāne hoʻokahi ke hana i kāna mea maikaʻi loa ma kāna kūlana makua a hoʻāʻo e lilo i makua maikaʻi no kāna keiki. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻole i kēlā. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi ka mea nui o ka ʻohana. ʻO nā haʻawina he nui, nā ʻike ola kūpono a me ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki i ka hui a me ka mālama aloha ʻana i ko lākou mau mākua ola. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia i nā manawa a pau no ka mea he hewa nā mākua, akā ma ka laulā, ʻike ʻia nā keiki e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā aia nā mākua ola ʻelua. No laila pehea ka pane ʻana o ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka male male kāne i kēia ʻike, a i ʻole ke nīnau ʻia i ke ʻano o ka noho kāne kāne? Hōʻike pinepine ia e like me kēia mau hopena:
He mea maʻamau ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka homophobia a me ka ʻōlelo inaina . Nui ka poʻe i hāpai i kēia hoʻopiʻi, akā, mai noʻonoʻo ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole mākou e ʻae i nā mea, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo inaina i kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana ke ʻike i ka noʻonoʻo o loko o ka mea ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai ʻaʻole i kuʻikahi, hiki ke aloha ʻia kekahi, a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo e aloha. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea maʻamau i ka poʻe kākoʻo ikaika loa o ka male kāne ʻole ke hōʻino a hoʻomāinoino i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻokoʻa i nā mea. ʻOiai ke ʻōlelo nei lākou he aloha, ʻaʻole lākou e hana ma luna o ia mea. Inā he ʻōlelo hōʻino ʻoe iā ʻoe iho, he aha kāu e loaʻa ai mai ia mea a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻae ʻia e nā mea a pau no kou nohona?
Hoʻopiʻi hewa. Ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka ʻohana no ka pono o nā keiki. Ua ʻike ʻia he mea maʻamau ka hāpai ʻana o nā ʻōpio, ka hewa, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a me nā pilikia o ka naʻau i nā ʻohana kahi i nalowale ai kekahi o nā mākua ola. He hopena hoʻi kēia ma ke kālā, ʻoiai ke piʻi aʻe nei nā kumukūʻai pili kanaka. No ka laʻana, he haʻawina i hana ʻia ma USA i ka makahiki 2008 i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hemo ʻana a me nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma waho o ka male ʻana he 112 biliona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki (Girgis et al 2012:46). Pēlā nō, hōʻike ʻo Etelä-Suomen sanomat ma ʻOkakopa 31, 2010: ʻO ka mālama kula no nā keiki a me ka poʻe ʻōpio e uku koke ʻia i hoʻokahi piliona, Ua piʻi nui nā pilikia o nā keiki mai nā makahiki 1990 ... ʻO ka mālama kula hoʻokahi keiki ke kumukūʻai a hiki i 100,000 euros i kēlā me kēia makahiki. .... Eia hou, ua hōʻike ʻo Aamulehti ma Malaki 3, 2013: He 1.8 miliona ke kumu kūʻai o kahi ʻōpio marginalized. Inā hoʻihoʻi ʻia kekahi i loko o ke kaiāulu, maikaʻi ka hopena. Pehea ka hana a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia ʻike? Hiki paha iā lākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia manawa ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā mākua hoʻokahi, nā mākua kāne kāne a i ʻole nā mea i hāʻule i kā lākou male ʻana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e nānā iā ia mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. Pēlā nō, hiki i nā mea a pau ke noʻonoʻo pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai. Inā hoʻolālā kekahi, no ka laʻana, e haʻalele i kāna kāne a me kāna ʻohana, pono lākou e noʻonoʻo ʻelua, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena hohonu i nā keiki a me ko lākou wā e hiki mai ana. (ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā keiki wale nō i ʻike a ʻike pinepine i ka hana ʻino e hiki ke ʻike i ka kaʻawale ʻana o ko lākou mau mākua ma ke ʻano he hōʻoluʻolu.) A i ʻole inā e hoʻolālā ana kahi kāne kāne e hānau keiki ma o nā ʻano hana hana, pono ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo i ka manaʻo o ke keiki i ka noho ʻana me ka makua ʻole a i ʻole. he makuahine. ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻohana no nā keiki he ʻano like me ka ʻike e pili ana i nā pono o ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ka puhi paka no ke olakino. Aia kēia ʻike ma laila, akā ʻaʻole pane nā kānaka a pau. Eia naʻe, inā e hahai mākou i ka ʻike i loaʻa i nā mea a pau, e hoʻomaikaʻi ia i ko mākou olakino kino.
"Imi ʻōpala" . ʻOiai ke kākoʻo nei ka noʻonoʻo kūpono a me ka ʻike ola i kēlā me kēia lā he mea maikaʻi ia no nā keiki inā ʻae ʻia lākou e ulu i loko o ka ʻohana o nā mākua ola ʻelua, ʻo kekahi o nā mea kākoʻo ikaika loa o ka male kāne ʻole e hoʻāʻo e hōʻole i kēia. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka noho ʻana o kahi makua ola, akā hiki i kekahi kanaka makua ke hoʻololi i ke alo o kahi makua nalo. Maʻaneʻi lākou e haʻi nei i nā haʻawina kūikawā e hōʻike ana i kēia manaʻo. I ka manawa like, ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo nā ʻike mua a pau e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā hale ʻohana he "ʻimi noiʻi junk" a me ka ʻike ʻepekema ʻole. No laila ke manaʻo nei lākou e hōʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe e nānā i nā haʻawina i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka male male kāne, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻike ʻepekema ʻole. ʻO ke kumu, e laʻa me nā kumu penei:
He liʻiliʻi ka laʻana o nā haʻawina , ma ka awelika 30-60 wale nō nā mea nīnauele. ʻAʻole hiki i nā hāpana liʻiliʻi ke hāʻawi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. No ka hana ʻana i ka laulā, pono ka nui o ka laʻana.
Nalo nā hui hoʻohālikelike a i ʻole nā ʻohana haki. ʻO ka pilikia me nā haʻawina he nui ʻaʻohe o lākou hui hoʻohālikelike o nā kāne like ʻole. A i ʻole inā he hui hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau he makua hoʻokahi, hoʻokumu hou ʻia a noho pū ʻana paha. ʻO ka male ʻana o nā mākua ola, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻohālikelike. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia o nā keiki i nā ʻohana haʻihaʻi.
Mai nā haʻawina 59 i hoʻohana ʻia e APA, 26 ʻaʻohe hui hoʻohālikelike i loaʻa nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole. Ua loaʻa i nā haʻawina 33 kahi hui hoʻohālikelike, akā ma nā haʻawina 13 ʻo ka hui hoʻohālikelike he mau ʻohana makua hoʻokahi. I loko o nā haʻawina he 20 i koe, ʻaʻole maopopo inā he makua hoʻokahi ka hui hoʻohālikelike, he kāne noho pū, he ʻohana hou a i ʻole he kāne male i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mākua ola o ke keiki. ʻO kēia hemahema wale nō ka pilikia o ka generalization, no ka mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Brown (2004: 364) i kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā keiki 35,938 ʻAmelika a me ko lākou mau mākua ʻaʻole i pili i ke kālā a me nā kumu makua, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka poʻe ʻōpio (12-17 mau makahiki) i nā ʻohana o nā kāne noho pū. ma mua o nā ʻohana o nā mākua ola ʻelua. (27)
ʻAʻohe laʻana a me ka ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o nā nīnauele . Ke liʻiliʻi nā laʻana, ʻo ka pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o lākou i ka laʻana maʻamau, akā ua kiʻi ʻia ka poʻe nīnauele mai nā ʻaha kūkā. Ua ʻike paha ka poʻe nīnauele i ke ʻano politika o ka noiʻi a no laila hāʻawi i nā pane "kūpono". Ma waho aʻe, ʻo wai ka mea makemake e haʻi hewa e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau keiki ponoʻī a i ʻole ke keiki e pili ana i kona mau mākua, nona ka ʻae e pono ai? Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻomanaʻo kekahi mau haʻawina ma kēia kahua i nā haʻawina i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā makahiki i hala e Alfred Kinsey. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka laʻana maʻamau, akā ʻo kahi hapa nui o nā hopena noiʻi a Kinsey i loaʻa mai i ka poʻe lawehala, rapists, pimps, pedophiles, nā mea kūʻai aku o nā kaola kāne kāne a me nā poʻe kolohe ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā hopena a Kinsey he ʻelele ia no ka ʻAmelika maʻamau, akā ua hāʻawi nā haʻawina ma hope i nā hopena ʻokoʻa loa a hōʻole i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e Kinsey. Ua kākau ʻo Kauka Judith Reisman e pili ana i kēia kumuhana ma kāna puke koʻikoʻi "Kinsey: Crimes & Consequences" (1998).
ʻimi kumu? I ka wā i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he nui ka nui o ka hoʻokō ʻana. No ka laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 30,000 mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa kīnā ʻole i hana ʻia ma Finland i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kānāwai, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā helu ma kahi o 10,000 wale nō. He aha ke kumu o ia ʻokoʻa nui? Ua ʻae ākea kekahi poʻe kākoʻo hoʻomake ma hope mai ua hoʻonui lākou i nā helu i mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka poʻe loio a me ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu. Hiki i kekahi ke nīnau inā he ʻano pahuhopu like ʻole i nā haʻawina he nui e pili ana i ka male kāne ʻole. Ua ʻae kekahi poʻe ua loaʻa ia mau pahuhopu. Ua mālama ʻole ka poʻe noiʻi i nā ʻokoʻa maopopo e ʻike ʻia no ka mea ua makemake lākou e hōʻike i ka pili ʻole o ka ʻohana i ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo e pili ana i kēia:
Ua ʻae ʻo Stacey lāua ʻo Biblarz (2001: 162) ma muli o ka makemake o ka poʻe noiʻi e hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne male kāne e like me ka mālama ʻana o nā kāne heterosexual, mālama nā mea noiʻi maʻalahi i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻohana. Ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i nā ʻokoʻa i ka mālama ʻana i nā mākua e noho pū ana, ʻaʻole lākou i nānā iā lākou, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻole i hana hou i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka moe kolohe o nā mākua i pili i kā lākou mau keiki ma mua o ka mea a nā mea noiʻi i hāpai ai (Stacey & Biblarz 2001: 167). (28)
Ua ʻike pū mākou ʻo ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi e alakaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau mea noiʻi. I kekahi manawa, ua hui pū lākou. Eia kekahi, he ʻano homosexual kekahi o lākou a i ʻole kākoʻo ikaika lākou i ka male kāne ʻole. He kumu maikaʻi ʻole kēia no ka noiʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonuiʻia ka hopena o ka manaʻo o nā mea noiʻi hoʻokahi no ka mea ua hana kekahi mau mea noiʻi i kahi hapa nui o nā haʻawina 60 i nīnauʻia. ʻO Charlotte J. Patterson kekahi mea kākau ma ka ʻumikūmālua o ia mau haʻawina 60, ʻo Henny Bos ma ʻeiwa, ʻo Nanette Gartrell ma ʻehiku, Judith Stacey lāua ʻo Abbie Goldberg he mau mea kākau ma ʻehā, a ʻo kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe he mau mea kākau ma ʻekolu mau haʻawina. Ua hana pinepine lākou i ka noiʻi pū. Hoʻemi kēia i ka helu o nā haʻawina kūʻokoʻa a hoʻonui i ka mana o ka poʻe noiʻi. Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu e hana hou ʻia ai nā ʻōlelo like ma kekahi mau haʻawina. ʻO Charlotte Patterson he kumu aʻoaʻo no ka psychology ma ke Kulanui o Virginia. Ma waho aʻe o kāna hana noiʻi nui, loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike mua o nā hana makua i loko o kahi ʻohana o kahi kāne kāne like: ua hānai ʻo ia i ʻekolu keiki i kāna hui 30 makahiki me Deborah Cohn. Ua pale ikaika ʻo Nanette Gartrell, me kāna kāne ʻo Dee Mosbacher, i nā kuleana o nā kāne kāne a ʻo ia ka mea noiʻi nui ma ka papahana noiʻi ʻo US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study (NLLFS) i kākoʻo ʻia e kekahi mau hui homosexual kaulana. Hana ʻo Henny Bos ma ke ʻano he kaukaʻi o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ke Kulanui o Amsterdam a ua komo pū me Nanette Gartrell i ka papahana noiʻi NLLFS. ʻO Abbie Goldberg he kumu aʻoaʻo no ka noʻonoʻo ma ke Kulanui ʻo Clark ma Worcester, Massachusetts. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hana noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka pilikia "e hōʻike ana nā hana kaiapuni a me ka media lehulehu i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mana maʻamau, ʻaʻole i mana nui loa (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka heterosexual nuclear family structure)". I loko o kekahi o kāna mau manaʻo loea, ua pale ʻo Judith Stacey i ka male male kāne ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i ke kula holoʻokoʻa o ka male. I kona manaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka male iā ia iho e hoʻonui i ka like ʻole. (29) ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i ke kahua holoʻokoʻa o ka male. I kona manaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka male iā ia iho e hoʻonui i ka like ʻole. (29) ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i ke kahua holoʻokoʻa o ka male. I kona manaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka male iā ia iho e hoʻonui i ka like ʻole. (29)
Aloha . I ka wā i pale ai ka poʻe Nazi i ka euthanasia, ʻo ke aloha kekahi o nā kumu. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻole pono ke ola kanaka a pau, a ʻo ia ke kumu, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻolaha e hoʻāʻo e pale i kēia pilikia. Ma ka inoa o ke aloha, ua hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hopena i ka hopena weliweli. Nui nā mea i pale ʻia i kēia lā ma ka inoa o ke aloha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hewa ke aloha ʻia ke pale ʻia, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he pale ia no ka manaʻo ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ke kanaka makua i ke keiki. I ka puka ʻana mai o nā au hou i ke kaiāulu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, pili pono ka nui o lākou i nā keiki. Ua koi ʻia nā keiki e ʻike i nā hopena o nā koho makua. ʻEkolu mau hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wahine, ka hoʻohemo ʻana, a me ka male male kāne.
• ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka moekolohe ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka moe kolohe me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻana o ka male. Ua pale ʻia ka hihia ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ʻaʻohe hewa inā aloha nā kānaka ʻelua". He aha ka hopena a he aha ka hopena inā hānau ʻia ke keiki i loko o kahi kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia nā mākua i kekahi i kekahi ma mua o kēlā? ʻO ka hauʻoli loa ka koho kahi e hoʻopaʻa koke ai nā mākua me kekahi a hānau ʻia ke keiki i loko o kahi home me nā mākua ʻelua. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka hana. Hiki i nā mākua ke hoʻokaʻe keiki a i ʻole ke kaʻawale a noho ke keiki ma ka mālama ʻana o ka makuahine hoʻokahi (a i ʻole ka makua kāne hoʻokahi). ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa moe kolohe, ka mea i pale ʻia me ke aloha, no laila ʻaʻole ia he koho maikaʻi no ke keiki.
• Ua hiki mai ka ho'opau 'ana ma hope o ka ho'ololi 'ana i ka moekolohe. ʻOiai i kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea pale o kēia mea ke wehewehe i ke kumu o ke keiki i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, nona nā ʻāpana kino like (nā maka, ka ihu, ka waha, nā wāwae, nā lima) me ke keiki hānau hou a i ʻole he laʻana. 10-makahiki keiki, e emi kanaka. ʻAʻole pono ke kumu o ka noho wale ʻana ma ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine.
• ʻO ka male kāne kūʻokoʻa - ke kumuhana o kēia ʻatikala - hiki ke pilikia no nā keiki. No ka mea, inā loaʻa nā keiki i loko o ia hui ma o nā ʻano hana hana a i ʻole ka pilina hetero no ka manawa lōʻihi, waiho ia i ke keiki i kahi kūlana kahi i nalowale ai ma ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o kona mau mākua ola ma ka home.
References:
1. Wendy Wright: French Homosexuals Join Demonstration Against Gay Marriage, Catholic Family & Human Rights Institute, January 18, 2013 2. Liisa Tuovinen, ”Synti vai siunaus?” Inhimillinen tekijä. TV2, 2.11.2004, klo 22.05. 3. Bill Hybels: Kristityt seksihullussa kulttuurissa (Christians in a Sex Crazed Culture), p. 132 4. Espen Ottosen: Minun homoseksuaalit ystäväni (”Mine homofile venner”), p. 104 5. Espen Ottosen: Minun homoseksuaalit ystäväni (”Mine homofile venner”), p. 131 6. Lesboidentiteetti ja kristillisyys, p. 87, Seta julkaisut 7. Sinikka Pellinen: Homoseksuaalinen identiteetti ja kristillinen usko, p. 77, Teron kertomus 8. Ari Puonti: Suhteesta siunaukseen, p. 76,77 9. John Corvino: Mitä väärää on homoseksualisuudessa?, p. 161 10. Tapio Puolimatka: Seksuaalivallankumous, perheen ja kulttuurin romahdus, p. 172 11. Jean-Pierre Delaume-Myard: Homosexuel contre le marriage pour tous (2013), Deboiris, p. 94 12. Jean-Pierre Delaume-Myard: Homosexuel contre le marriage pour tous (2013), Deboiris, p. 210 13. Jean-Pierre Delaume-Myard: Homosexuel contre le marriage pour tous (2013), Deboiris, p. 212 14. Jean-Marc Guénois: “J’ai été élevé par deux femmes”, Le Figaro 1.10.2013 15. Tapio Puolimatka: Lapsen ihmisoikeus, oikeus isään ja äitiin, p. 28,29 16. Frank Litgvoet: “The Misnomer of Motherless Parenting”, New York Times 07/2013 17. Tapio Puolimatka: Lapsen ihmisoikeus, oikeus isään ja äitiin, p. 43,44 18. Alana Newman: Testimony of Alana S. Newman. Opposition to AB460. To the California Assembly Committee on Health, April 30, 2013. 19. Edwin Louis Cole: Miehuuden haaste, p. 104 20. David Popenoe (1996): Life without Father: Compelling New Evidence That Fatherhood and Marriage Are Indispensable for the Good of Children and Society. New York: Free Press. 21. Kristin Anderson Moore & Susan M. Jekielek & Carol Emig:” Marriage from a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children and What Can We do About it”, Child Trends Research Brief, Child Trends, June 2002, http:www. childrentrends.org&/files/marriagerb602.pdf.) 22. Sara McLanahan & Gary Sandefur: Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, p. 38 23. Margaret Mead: Some Theoretical Considerations on the Problem of Mother-Child Separation, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 24, 1954, p. 474 24. Sotirios Sarantakos: Children in Three Contexts: Family, Education and Social Development, Children Australia 21, 23-31, (1996) 25. Robert Oscar Lopez: Growing Up With Two Moms: The Untold Cgildren’s View, The Public Discourse, Augustth, 2012 26. International Journal of Epidemiology Modelling the Impact of HIV Disease on Mortality in Gay and Bisexual men; International Journal of Epidemiology; Vol. 26, No 3, p. 657 27. Tapio Puolimatka: Lapsen ihmisoikeus, oikeus isään ja äitiin, p. 166 28. Tapio Puolimatka: Lapsen ihmisoikeus, oikeus isään ja äitiin, p. 176 29. Tapio Puolimatka: Lapsen ihmisoikeus, oikeus isään ja äitiin, p. 178,179
|
Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
|
Other Google Translate machine translations:
He mau miliona makahiki / dinosaurs /
hoʻololi kanaka? |
