The Flood

There is ample evidence in favor of the historicity of the Flood in nature and human tradition. Learn how much evidence there is

1. Evidence of the Flood
2. The birth of carbon and oil
3. The devastation of dinosaurs

1. Evidence of the Flood

The Flood has often been seen as a mere fable. Especially those people, who believe in the theory of evolution, do not believe that the Flood ever took place. They think it is impossible that water once covered the entire earth.

But did the Flood really happen? If we make practical observations of the soil, fossils and human traditions, they refer to the Flood. They show that the great mass destruction once occurred on Earth. In the following, we will examine in a list-like manner the evidence that suggests this huge disaster.

The mass graves of animals

• It has been estimated that there are about 800 billion skeletal vertebrates buried in the Karroo region in South Africa (Robert Broom's article in the Science, January 1959). The large size of this burial site suggests that some unnatural event happened. The animals must have been buried very quickly. Generally, this kind of event can be best explained by a mass destruction such as the Flood, which can quickly pile up layers of earth on top of the animals.

• The permafrost of Alaska and Siberia contains millions of tons of animal bones. Significantly, several of these animals were large mammals that could not have survived in cold conditions and could not have buried themselves. The description from the book Maailman Luonto tells about it. It shows how these large animals were found deep in the ground together with different vegetation:

Of particular interest here is the fact that the permafrost in Alaska and in Siberia can include noticeable amounts of bones and meat, and half-rotted vegetation and other remains of the organic world. In some places, these add up to a notable part of the soil. A considerable part of the remains are from large animals, such as hairy rhinoceroses, giant lions, beavers, buffaloes, musk, oxen, mammoths, and hairy elephants, which have become extinct… That is why it is clear that the climate in Alaska was much warmer before it became frozen.

• Evidence of large mass graves are the remains of rhinoceroses, camels, wild boars and countless other animals found in Agate Spring, Nebraska. According to experts' estimates, there are remains of more than 9,000 large animals in the area.

• In 1845, animal remains were excavated near Odessa in Russia, which included the bones of more than 100 bears, as well as many bones of horses, bears, mammoths, rhinoceroses, bison, elk, wolves, hyenas, various insectivores, rodents, otters, martens and foxes. These were upside down mixed with plant remains, birds and even with fish (!). The presence of fish among land animals seems to be a clear reference to the Flood. How can fish be in the same strata with land animals?

• Hills containing a large number of hippopotamus bones have been found in Palermo, Italy. Since there are also bones of young hippopotamuses among the finds, they could not have died in a natural way. The presence of these young hippos clearly points to the Flood.

• Cave finds have been made, for example, in Yorkshire in England, China, on the east coast of the USA and in Alaska, where the skeletons of dozens of different herbivores and animal eaters have been found in the same caves. In Yorkshire, England, bones of an elephant, a rhinoceros, a hippopotamus, a horse, a deer, a tiger, a bear, a wolf, a horse, a fox, a hare, a rabbit, as well as many birds were found in one of the stalactite caves. As a rule, these animals that eat each other in no case would stay with each other.

• Another large grave is found in France, where more than 10,000 skeletal remains of horses were found.

• Discoveries in vast dinosaur cemeteries have also been made. The bones of several hundred, even thousands, of small dinosaurs have been found in Belgium in a clay deposit about 300 meters deep. The bones of some 10,000 duck lizards have been uncovered in a small area in Montana, USA, and hundred-headed mass graves of rhino lizards have been found in Alberta, Canada. In addition, other smaller tomb finds related to dinosaurs have been made in different parts of the world. It is probable that these animals have been complicit in the same destruction that has befallen the world at the same time.

One example also appears in the book The Age of Dinosaur by the well-known evolutionary scientist Björn Kurten. He mentions how several fossils of dinosaurs have been found in a swimming position with their heads twisted backwards, as if in a death struggle.

Tree trunk fossils, many of which are jumbled and upside down. Previously, it was stated how fossils of tree trunks have been found from different parts of the world, which are located inside the earth and extend through several different strata. Very often, these trunks and logs are just one big mess piled together with sludge, bones and mud. Theirs roots might also be upside down, which is evidence of some devastating event. In order for tree trunk fossils to have been born and preserved, they must have been buried in the soil layers around them very quickly - otherwise there would have been no fossils left of them.

The origin of fossils. Fossils in the ground are powerful evidence of the Flood. The origin of the fossils in the soil can only be explained by the fact that mudslides have buried some living or recently dead plant and animal very quickly. If this had not taken place quickly, the fossils could not have been formed, because otherwise bacteria and scavengers would have decomposed them in a short time. It is noteworthy that nowadays fossils are not formed. The well-known explorer Nordenskiöld noticed that it is easier to find old remains of gigantic lizards in Spitzbergen than those of recently buried seals, even though there are millions of seals in that area.

Therefore, it is a huge problem to try to explain how large animals such as mammoths, dinosaurs, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, horses and other large animals could have been buried under mud and the layers of the earth if one does not believe in the Flood. Mammoths alone are estimated to be around 5 million individuals buried in the soil. Under current conditions, such animals would not be buried into the ground, but would rot quickly on the ground or the scavengers would eat them immediately. The following description (James D. Dana: "Manual of Geology", p. 141) shows how rapid burial is necessary for fossilization:

Vertebrate animals, such as fish, reptiles etc., decompose when their soft parts are removed. They must be buried quickly after death to avoid decaying and being eaten by other animals.

BURIED ALIVE. Several fossils provide very clear evidence of the fact that they were buried quickly.

In addition to the rapid burial, there is a number of evidence that the animals were still alive at the time of their burial. Here are some examples:

Fish fossils. A large number of fish fossils have been found with signs of having been buried alive and quickly.

Firstly, fish fossils have been found that have had a meal in progress: they have had another smaller fish in their mouths when they were suddenly buried under great masses of soil. In other words, if a fish is eating its meal, it is not experiencing a normal death, but has lived a normal life until it has experienced a quick burial.

Secondly, a large number of fish fossils have been found that had all the scales in place, the mouth open and all fins spread out. Whenever such marks are found on fish, they indicate that they must have been still alive and fighting agains their fate until they were suddenly buried. In a flood, such rapid burial under mud would be the most likely way for fish to die. For example, about 9/10 of the armor fish found in old red sandstone deposits are in such a position - they have raised their two horns at right angles to the bony plate of their head as a sign of danger - which shows that they experienced a rapid burial.

Moreover, fish fossils cannot be formed in any other way – except in the way mentioned before – because under normal conditions fish decompose very quickly or are eaten by other animals. However, in fish burial sites millions of such fish fossils can be found.

Bivalve mussels and oysters. Bivalve mussels and oysters have been found in closed position, indicating that they were buried alive. Usually, when these animals die the muscle that holds their shells closed relaxes allowing sand and clay to get in. These fossils, however, are usually found closed tightly and there is no sand or clay between the shells. Since these shells are tightly closed, it indicates that these animals have been buried when they were still alive.

Mammoths. Along with many other animals, large mammoth discoveries have been made. It is estimated that there would be up to 5 million mammoths buried in the ground. Their remains, mainly tusks, have been dug out of the ground in tons, and they have even been used as a raw material for the ivory industry, so we can't talk about any small amount found.

What is remarkable about these mammoth findings is that the mammoths were found preserved in very good condition. Some of them have been found in a standing position (!), others have still had undigested food in their mouths and stomachs. In addition, some have been found completely intact and undamaged.

When such discoveries are made over large areas, it shows that they were not killed in a localized spring flood, through slow death from starvation, or any ordinary death as has been explained. No amount of uniformitarianism can explain the simultaneous and violent death of hundreds of thousands of animals and how they were buried in layers of silt and soil. In the Flood, that might happen.

MARINE CREATURES AND PARTS OF THEM FOUND ON MOUNTAINS AND DRY LAND.

- (Gen 7:19) And the waters prevailed exceedingly on the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered.

- (2 Pet 3:6) … Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished

Perhaps the best evidence of a global Flood is the fact that we can find remains of marine creatures on mountains and dry land. (Similar examples can be found in nature programs on television.) These remains certainly could not exist in their current locations if the sea had not at some time covered these areas.

• 500 years before the beginning of the modern calendar, Pythagoras found remains of marine creatures on mountains.(p.11 Planeetta maa (“Planet Earth”)).

• A hundred years later, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote that seashells were collected from the desert in Egypt. He concluded that the sea must have reached as far as the desert (p. 11 "Planeetta maa"). Remains of large marine animals have also been found in the large sand deserts of Africa.

• Xenofanes found marine fossils in inland areas far away from the sea in about 500 B.C. He also found fish fossils in a quarry in Syracuse in Sicily, and in Malta and the Italian mainland. He concluded that these areas had earlier been covered by sea (p. 17 Nils Edelman - Viisaita ja veijareita geologian maailmassa).

• Charles Darwin also ran into marine remains when he found a whale skeleton in the mountainous regions of Peru.

• Albaro Alonzo Barba, who was a mining director in Petos, mentions in his book written in 1640, that he had found strange shells in rocks between Potos and Oroneste in Bolivia, 3,000 metres above sea level (p. 54 Nils Edelman: Viisaita ja veijareita geologian maailmassa )

• German P. S. Pallas in the 1700s found stratified limestone and clay slates in the mountains of the Ural and Altai – both in Russia – which held remains of marine animals and plants (p. 125 Nils Edelman: Viisaita ja veijareita geologian maailmassa).

• Many marine organisms such as mussels, ammonites, belemnites, (ammonites and belemnites lived at the same time as dinosaurs), bone fish, sea lilies, coral and plankton fossils and relatives of the current sea urchins and starfishes were found many kilometres above sea level in the Himalayas. The book Maapallo Ihmeiden Planeetta ( p. 55) describes these remains in the following way:

Harutaka Sakai from the Japanese University in Kyushu has for many years researched these marine fossils in the Himalayan Mountains. He and his group have listed a whole aquarium from the Mesozoic period. Fragile sea lilies, relatives to the current sea urchins and starfishes, are found in rock walls more than three kilometers above sea level. Ammonites, belemnites, corals and plankton are found as fossils in the rocks of the mountains (…)

At an altitude of two kilometers, geologists found a trace left by the sea itself. Its wave-like rock surface corresponds to the forms that remain in the sand from low-water waves. Even from the top of Everest, yellow strips of limestone are found, which arose under water from the remains of countless marine animals.

• In addition to the Himalayas, numerous findings have been made in the Alps, Andes and Rocky Mountains. These findings include mussels, crustaceans, ammonites, as well as streaks and clay shale deposits containing marine fossils. Some of the finds are at a height of several kilometers. The following description of the Alps indicates the existence of marine fossils:

There is a reason to look closely at the original nature of the rocks in mountain ranges. It is best seen in the Alps, in the lime Alps of the northern, so-called Helvetian zone. Limestone is the main rock material. When we look at the rock here on the steep slopes or at the top of a mountain - if we had the energy to climb up there - we will eventually find fossilized animal remains, animal fossils, in it. They are often badly damaged but it is possible to find recognizable pieces. All those fossils are lime shells or skeletons of sea creatures. Among them there are spiral-threaded ammonites, and especially a lot of double-shelled clams. (…) The reader might wonder at this point what it means that mountain ranges hold so many sediments, which can also be found stratified in the bottom of the sea. (p. 236,237, Pentti Eskola, Muuttuva maa)

• Limestone covering almost a quarter of China includes the remains of corals originating from the sea (p. 97,100-106 “Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta”). There are similar areas also in Yugoslavia and the Alps.

• In a slate quarry in the Snowdon Mountains in England, there are enormous gravel and sand layers full of shells of shore mussels about 1,400 feet above sea level.

• Fish lizards or Ichthyosaurs, which could grow up to several meters in length, have been found in England and Germany buried into clay layers with their bones and skins. One of the skeletons, preserved in the collection of Helsinki University Geological Institute, was found in a clay stone in Holzmaden of Wurttenberg. It is 2.5 meters long and has been extremely well preserved. (p. 371 "Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• In central France (Saint-Laon, Vienne), shells of ammonites have been found in the limestone. (p. 365 "Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• The limestone area in Solnhofen of Bavaria has two fossils of the bird lizard (Archaeopteryx). From the same limestone area, other well preserved fossils, such as insects, medusas, crayfishes, belemnites, and fishes have also been found. (p. 372, "Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• There are some areas in London, Paris, and Vienna which are former sea bed. For example, some limestone areas in Paris are composed mainly of mollusk shells from the tropical seas. (p. 377 "Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• In the vicinity of Berlin, silt layers several meters thick include shells of an extinct gastropod (Paludina diluviana), and remains of pikes. (p. 410 "muuttuva maa, Pentti Eskola)

• Such areas as Syria, Arabia, the current Israel, and Egypt have been sea beds. (p.401, 402 "Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• Old oyster fossils have been found in Tunisia, near the town of Tozeur. (p. 90 Björn Kurten, Kuinka Mammutti pakastetaan)

• In the desert of Faijum 60 kilometers south-west of Cairo, remains of whales and sea lions have been found on the slopes of a high ridge of Djebel Qatran. (p. 23 Björn Kurten, Jääkausi, [The Ice Age])

• From many different parts of the globe, layers of fish fossils have been found containing hundreds of thousands or millions of fish. For example, in the Herring fossil layers in California, it is estimated that there are a billion fish in an area of ten square kilometers. The areas from Germany to the Caspian Sea, Italy, Scotland, Denmark (in the chalk cliff of Steven's Klint) and South of Spain (the hills of Caravaca) include layers of millions of fish fossils. All these dry land areas must have been covered by the sea or these fish findings would not be possible.

• The well-known clay slate layers in Burgess, found in the Rocky Mountains in the year 1909, include tens of thousands of fossils from the ancient sea bed, nowadays at a height of over 2,000 meters above sea level.

• From the north-west parts of Australia (p. 96 Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta) and New Guinea, corals and fossils of fish can be found.

• From the mainland of North America, remains of whales were found at a great distance from the sea. These findings have been made for instance on Ontario Lake, in Vermont, Quebec, and St. Lawrence. Therefore, these areas must have been covered by sea at some time in the past.

• Many of the high places around the world – the Himalayas and other high mountains – show signs of ancient coastlines and wave action. These findings have also been made in New Guinea, Italy, Sicily, England, Ireland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Novaja-Semlja, the Land of Franz Joseph, Greenland, in extensive areas in North and South America, Algeria, Spain … the list goes on and on. (The Information comes mainly from Maanpinnan muodot ja niiden synty, p. 99,100 / by Iivari Leiviskä ).

Ancient shorelines have also been found in Finland and neighboring areas. One example is Pyhätunturi, where there are stones with signs of waves. Signs of the ancient shores can also be found on the slopes of many hills. In the southern part of Finland, such places are Korppoo, Jurmo, Kaunissaari in Pyhtää and Virttaankangas in Säkylä, as well as further up north, for example Lauhanvuori, Rokua and Aavasaksa. (From the book Jokamiehen geologia, p. 96 / by Kalle Taipale, Jouko.T. Parviainen)

• Lava has been found on the mountains of Ararat at a height of 4,500 meters above sea level, and can only be a product of underwater volcanic eruptions (Molen, M., Vårt ursprung?, 1991, p. 246)

• One sign of the Flood is the marine sedimentary rocks. They are far more common than any other sedimentary rocks combined. James Hutton, regarded as the father of geology, referred to this observation already over two centuries ago:

We have to conclude that all the layers of earth (...) were formed by sand and gravel that piled up on the seabed, crustacean shells and coral matter, soil and clay. (J. Hutton, The Theory of the Earth l, 26. 1785)

J.S. Shelton: On the continents, marine sedimentary rocks are far more common and widespread than all other sedimentary rocks combined. This is one of those simple facts that demands explanation, being at the heart of everything related to man's continuing efforts to understand the changing geography of the geological past.

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE FLOOD. We do not need to search for information about the Flood only in nature; we find evidence of it in the traditions of various nations. It has been estimated that there are almost five hundred of these stories told by cultures around the world. Many of these stories have (naturally) changed with time, but they all have in common the mention of water as the cause of devastation. Many of these stories also mention previous good times, The Fall of man and the confusion of the languages which took place in Babel (Babylon) – all events the Bible also mentions.

The stories are found among very different peoples: the Babylonians, the natives of Australia, the Miao people of China, the African Efe dwarfs, the Hopi Indians of America in the North American Padago tribe, and numerous other peoples. The universality of the Flood narratives suggests the historicity of this event:

Around 500 cultures – including indigenous peoples of Greece, China, Peru and North America – are known in the world where the legends and myths describe a compelling story of a large flood that changed the history of the tribe. In many stories, only a few people survived the flood, just like in the case of Noah. Many of the peoples considered the flood to have been caused by gods who, for one reason or another, got bored with the human kind. Perhaps the people were corrupt, like in Noah’s times and in a legend by the Native American Hopi tribe of North America, or perhaps there were too many and too noisy people, like in the Gilgamesh epic. (2)

Lenormant says in his book "Beginning of History":

"We have the opportunity to prove that the story of the Flood is a universal tradition in all branches of the human family, and such a certain and uniform tradition as this cannot be considered an imagined fable. It must be the memory of a true and terrifying event, an event that made such a strong impression on the minds of the first parents of the human family that even their descendents could never forget it. (3)

Peoples of different races have different heritage stories about the enormous flood catastrophe. The Greeks have told a story about the Flood, and it is centered around a character named Deukalion; even long before Columbus, the natives of the American continent had stories that had kept alive the memory of the great flood. Tales about a flood have been moved on from generation to generation up until this day also in Australia, India, Polynesia, Tibet, Kašmir and Lithuania. Are they all just tales and stories? Are they all made up? It is presumable that they all describe the same great catastrophe. (4)

If the world-wide Flood was not real, some nations would have explained that frightening volcanic eruptions, large snow storms, droughts (...) have destroyed their evil ancestors. The universality of the story of the Flood is therefore one of the best pieces of evidence of its truthfulness. We could dismiss any of these tales as individual legends and think it was only imagination, but together, from a global perspective, they are almost indisputable. (The Earth)

Next, more references to the same topic. Past historians have mentioned the Flood as a real historical event. Today's rewriting of history instead seeks to change human past history by denying this great flood disaster and adding hundreds of thousands and millions of years to history for which there is not very convincing evidence.

• The historian Josephus and the Babylonian Berosus have mentioned the remains of Noah's ark

• The Greek historian Herodotus has referred to the Scythians in the fifth part of his History. He mentions them as descendants of Japheth (Noah's son) (Gen 10:1,2: Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and to them were sons born after the flood. The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.)

• In the story of Gilgamesh, Utnapisthim was instructed to build a ship: “O man of Shuruppak, son of Ubar-Tutu. Tear down your house and build a ship, renounce wealth, seek the afterlife, despise wealth, save your life. Take the seed of all the living to the ship you build. Measure its dimensions well.”

• In the Assyrian flood account there is a description of the construction of the ship:

Make a ship according to this - -

- - I will destroy the sinner and the life.

- - Let the seed of life go in, all of it,

to the middle of the ship, to the ship you make.

Its length is six hundred cubits

and sixty cubits its breadth and height.

- - Let it go deep. –

I accepted the order and said to Hea, my Lord:

When I finish

the shipbuilding that you told me to do,

so young and old sneer at me. (5)

• Aztecs have referred to the Flood:

When the world had existed for 1716 years, the Flood came: “The whole of mankind disappeared and drowned, and

they noticed they had turned into fish. Everything disappeared in one single day”. Only Nata and his wife Nana were saved, because Titlachauan god had told them to build a boat from cypress tree. (6)

• A clay tablet was found from a Babylonian city, Nippur, during the 1890s, and the tablet was older than the Epic of Gilgamesh. The clay tablet dates at least back to 2100 B.C., as the place where it was found, a public library, was destroyed at that time.

Its depiction is very similar to the one in the Book of Genesis. It mentions the coming of the Flood and advises to build a large vessel to protect the spared ones. The text in the tablet was translated by an expert assyriologist Herman Hilprecht. The words in square brackets cannot be found in the text, but Hilprecht has included them based on the context:

(2) … [the bounds of heaven and earth I] remove

(3) … [I will bring about a flood, and] it will sweep away all the people at once;

(4) … [but seek thou life before the flood cometh;

(5)……[For over all living beings], as many as there are, I will bring overthrow, destruction, annihilation

(6) …Build a big ship and

(7) ...let the overall height be its structure

(8) …let it be a houseboat to transport the survivors.

(9) …with a strong lid cover (it).

(10) … [To the ship] that you make

(11) … [bring there the beasts of the earth, the birds of the air,

(12) … [and the creeping things of the earth, a pair of each] instead of a multitude,

(13) …and family… (7)

• As for the chronology of Egypt, it may be off by centuries. The Egyptians did not have lists of rulers in the early days, but they were compiled centuries later (c. 270 BC) by the Egyptian priest Manetho. One of the mistakes in his lists has been that Manethon thought some kings had ruled one after the other, even though they have been found to have ruled at the same time.

Despite everything, Manetho confirms the historicity of Genesis. He "wrote that 'after the flood' to Ham, Noah's son, was born 'Egyptos, or Misraim', who was the first to settle in the area of present-day Egypt at the time when the tribes began to disperse". (8)

LETTER SYMBOLS. According to the Bible, when Noah went into the Ark there were only seven other people with him; altogether there were eight people in the Ark. (Gen 7:7 and 1 Peter 3:20).

However, it is interesting that the same number eight and a clear reference to the Flood appear even in the letter symbols, especially in the Chinese writing system. In the Chinese writing system, a symbol of a ship is a boat with eight people in it, the same number as in the Ark of Noah! The symbol for the word “flood” also has the number eight! It cannot be mere coincidence that the same number, eight, is associated with the symbols of the ship and the Flood. This connection is certainly due to the fact that the Chinese also have a preserved tradition of the same global Flood as other peoples. They have also believed since ancient times that there is only one God, who is in heaven.

The second example. The Chinese symbol of the ship is a boat with eight people in it. Eight people? The Ark of Noah had exactly eight people in it.

(…) All researchers are not of the same opinion on the exact meaning of every symbol. In any case, the Chinese themselves (such as many Japanese, who – practically speaking – have the same writing system) are interested in the interpretations the missionaries have presented to them. Even though the theories were not right, mere speaking of them might be enough to indicate the spiritual truth for unbelievers.

I myself have observed that many Chinese and Japanese preachers think that these different symbols constitute an excellent walkway into the thinking of their people. (Don Richardson, Eternity in their Hearts)

The word righteous. In the Chinese writing system, there is also another peculiar symbol: the word “righteous”. The symbol of righteous is composed of two different parts: the upper part means a lamb and below it is the personal pronoun I. Therefore, there has been a view that people cannot be righteous by themselves. They are righteous only when they are under the lamb. So, the Chinese writing system teaches the same messages as the New Testament. We must be under the Lamb given to us by God (Jesus Christ), so that we may be made righteous. This is referred to in the next Bible verses:

- (John 1:29) The next day John sees Jesus coming to him, and said, Behold the Lamb of God, which takes away the sin of the world.

- (1 Cor 1:30) But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made to us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption

2. The birth of carbon and oil

CARBON AND OIL. We are usually taught that carbon and oil were formed through a slow process that required millions of years. People talk about a carbon age, when an exceptionally large amount of carbon would have been formed. But how is the matter? Did these substances arise hundreds of millions of years ago and have they taken millions of years to form? If we look at it in the light of the following facts, they rather show that they were formed quickly and quite 'in the recent past', just a few millennia ago and obviously in the context of the flood mentioned in the Bible.

The age of carbon deposits and oil wells. The first point is that evidence of the age of carbon and oil deposits do not refer to great periods of time. We talked about this already earlier and the next two points prove this:

• The pressure of oil wells is so high (it is common that oil can gush into the air from a drilled hole in the ground), that they cannot be more than 10,000 years old. (Chapters 12-13 of Prehistory and earth models by Melvin A. Cook, Max Parrish and company, 1966). If these oil wells were millions of years old, the pressure would have dissipated a long time ago.

• People's footprints have been found in carbon layers described as "250–300 million years old" in many areas (Mexico, Arizona, Illinois, New Mexico, and Kentucky, among others). Objects belonging to a man and human fossils (!) have been found in these same layers. This means that either humans were inhabiting the earth 300 million years ago, or that those carbon layers are really only a few thousand years old. (Glashouver, W.J.J., So entstand die Welt, Hänssler, 1980, ss. 115-6; Bowden, M., Ape-men – Fact or Fallacy? Sovereign Publications, 1981; Barnes, F.A., The Case of the Bones in Stone, Desert/February, 1975, p. 36-39). It is more probable that the latter alternative is true, because even scientists do not believe that people inhabited the Earth 300 million years ago:

"If man (...) in any form existed as early as in the Iron Carbon period, the whole geological science is so completely wrong that all geologists should resign from their jobs and become truck drivers. So, at least for the present, science rejects the tempting alternative of man having left those footprints." (The Carboniferous Mystery, Scientific Monthly, vol. 162, Jan.1940, p.14)

• The third reason not to consider coal and oil deposits to be millions of years old is the radiocarbon they contain. When the official half-life of radiocarbon is only 5730 years, there shouldn't be any of it left in deposits that are millions or hundreds of millions of years old. However, as early as 1969 the publication Radiocarbon mentioned how radiocarbon samples gave samples taken from coal, oil and natural gas a radiocarbon age of less than 50,000 years.

The speed of formation. Concerning the formation of oil and carbon it does not need to take a long time. One support for this theory is found in the fact that during World War II oil was made from coal and lignite in Germany, and with success. It did not take eons, but happened in a short time. Using a different technology more recently, a barrel of oil was produced in 20 minutes from one ton of organic waste (Machine design, 14 May 1970).

It has also been possible to transform wood and cellulose into carbon or carbon-like materials in just a few hours. This shows that when the conditions are right, oil and carbon can be formed quite quickly. It does not require millions of years for them to be formed. Only theories about evolution need millions of years. The following example proves that mineral coal can be formed in a short period of time, in only a couple of weeks. The author proves that such events could have occurred quickly, in connection with the Flood.

Scientists in the Argonne National Laboratory (in the US) have proven that top-class black carbon can be obtained utilising the following method: take some lignin (an essential ingredient in wood) and mix it with some acidic clay and water. Heat the mixture in an oxygen-free closed quartz container at 150 ºC without increasing the pressure. This is not a high temperature from the geological viewpoint – actually, there is nothing exceptional or “unnatural” about the ingredients, either. Neither does the process take millions of years – it only takes 4–36 weeks!

(...) Famous Australian geologist Sir Edgeworth David described in his report of 1907 still standing charred tree trunks that were found in between layers of black carbon in Newcastle (Australia). The bottom parts of the trunks had been buried deep into the carbon stratum, and then the trunks went right through the strata above, finally ending up in the carbon stratum on top!

Think that people try to explain these things in terms of slow processes that happened in two separate swamps with huge periods of time between them. When the bias has been "slow and gradual development", it is clear that this has prevented the most obvious explanation for the origin of coal, i.e. that a huge natural upheaval caused by water has quickly buried the torn up plants.

Moving water can quickly cause an enormous amount of geological changes, especially if there is a lot of water. Most people think that these changes must take millions of years. (…)

Some geologists (including many of those who believe in the processes of “millions of years”) now say that the Grand Canyon was formed the same way, catastrophically, and that it was not created by the slow erosion of the Colorado River over millions of years.

The Flood lasted for one year, covered mountains, caused global upheaval and ravaged the earth's crust when water (and inevitably also magma) gushed up for months (”the fountains of the great deep broke up”, Gen 7:11). Such a frightening catastrophe would cause an incredible amount of geological changes. (9)

The evidence supporting short-term formation. The following points strongly support the notion that carbon and oil were created quickly during the Flood, not slowly over millions of years:

• Fossils of tree trunks penetrating through various layers can be found in the middle of carbon layers. An old picture of a coal mine in France shows how five tree trunks penetrate about ten layers. These fossils could not have been formed or appeared if the carbon layers were formed over a course of millions of years.

• One interesting finding is that in many of the earth's carbon deposits, significant amounts of marine crustal deposits and marine animal fossils are found ("A note on the occurrence of marine animal remains in a Lancashire coal ball", Geological magazine, 118:307, 1981 and Weir, J. "Recent studies of shell of the coal measures ", Science progress, 38:445, 1950). Also, plants that do not even grow in swamp areas have been found in these carbon layers. These findings clearly point to the Flood, which would have transported marine animals and other life forms amongst the plants found on dry land.

Prof. Price presents cases where 50–100 coal layers are one top of each other and between them there are layers including fossils from deep sea. He deems this piece of evidence so strong and convincing that he has never tried to explain these facts on grounds of Lyell’s uniformity theory. (Wiljam Aittala: Kaikkeuden sanoma, p. 198)

• Carbon and oil are not being naturally formed nowadays. That is why they are called non-renewable natural resources. They are not being naturally formed even in tropical countries, even though conditions in those countries should be suitable. On the contrary, the plants there only rot quickly and no oil or carbon is created.

The only possibility of coal generation is a natural disaster that suddenly covers plant waste under the soil masses, leaving it under high pressure and in an oxygen-free state, where oxygen cannot ruin it. High pressure and oxygen-free mode have been considered essential for the generation of coal. In addition, bacteria cannot decompose plant waste in an oxygen-free state. The Flood, which piled up masses of mud and land on top of each other, can best explain such an event. The following quote from the book "Muuttuva maa" (p. 114) by the Finnish geologist Pentti Eskola, refers to the same thing. It indicates that, in connection with the coal seams, there are clay stones that have been stratified from water. The quote refers clearly to the Flood as having occurred only a couple of thousand years ago:

“Under and above the coal seams there are, as has been said, regular layers of clay stone, and from their structure we can see that they have been stratified from water."

3. The devastation of dinosaurs

People generally believe that the devastation of dinosaurs took place millions of years ago during the final phase of the Cretaceous period, also destroying ammonites, belemnites, and several other species of plants and animals. The devastation is believed to have swept away a great many of the animals of the Cretaceous period.

Is that belief true? Were the dinosaurs really destroyed during the so-called Cretaceous period millions of years ago, or were they destroyed in the Flood? In the following, we will explore this matter while considering the most common theories that have been put forward:

Were dinosaurs destroyed by an epidemic, a virus, or egg robbers? Some people theorize that dinosaurs were destroyed by an epidemic or a virus. Others theorize that other animals suddenly started eating dinosaur eggs.

However, there is a big problem with both theories: neither explains how other plants and animals -- plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, plants, herbivores ammonites, and belemnites -- could have died at the same time. (Ammonites and belemnites are marine animals whose fossils have been found on the slopes of the Alps and Himalayas, among other places.) Why did these other species die at the same time? Viruses certainly cannot be the killer; how can viruses destroy quite different species, marine and land animals, even plants? Such viruses are not known.

As far as egg-eaters are concerned, they too cannot explain the simultaneous destruction of several different species, let alone plants. They could not cause large-scale destruction and extinction of different species at the same time. There must be a better explanation for this.

Was a meteorite the cause of the devastation? Some people theorize that a meteorite raised an enormous dust cloud, and that this dust cloud blocked the Sun for such a long time that all the plants died and the herbivores starved to death.

There is, however, one problem with this theory of a slow change in the climate. This theory, or the theories mentioned above, cannot explain how fossils of dinosaurs can be found inside the rocks and mountains in large areas of the globe. They can be found around the world inside hard rock, which is really strange. It is strange because any large animal – perhaps 20 meters long – can not go inside a hard rock. Time does not help, either. Even if we waited millions of years for these animals to be buried in the ground and change into fossils, they would rot away before that or other animals would eat them. Actually, whenever we see a dinosaur fossil or other fossils, they must have been buried quickly under sludge and mud. They cannot have been born in any other way:

It is obvious that if the formation of deposits took place at such a slow rate, no fossils would be produced, because they would not be buried in the sediments, but before it they would decompose under the influence of the acids of the water, or be destroyed and shattered into pieces as they rubbed and struck at the bottom of the shallow seas. They can only become covered in sediments in an accident, where they are suddenly buried. (Geochronology or the Age of the Earth on grounds of Sediments and Life, Bulletin of the National Research Council No. 80, Washington D. C., 1931, p. 14)

The conclusion is that these dinosaurs, which are found around the world, must have been buried very quickly under mud and slime deposits. Soft mud has initially come around them, and then hardened hard in the same way as cement. Only in this way can the genesis of the fossils of dinosaurs, mammoths and other animals be explained. In the Flood, such a thing could certainly happen. We look at the description, which gives a correct idea of the issue. It shows the discovery of dinosaurs inside hard rocks, indicating that they must have become covered in soft mud. The mud has then hardened around them. Only in the Flood, but not in the normal natural cycle, could we expect something like that to happen (there is also a reference in the writing to how water vortices may have piled up dinosaur bones). Some points have been marked in bold to make things clearer:

He went to the deserts of South Dakota, where there are brightly colored red, yellow and orange rock walls and boulders. Within a few days he found some bones in the rock wall, which he estimated to be the kind he had set out to find. When he dug rock around the bones, he found that the bones were in the order of the structure of the animal. They weren't in a heap like dinosaur bones often are. Many such heaps were as if made by a powerful whirl of water.

Now these bones were in the blue sandstone, which is very hard. The sandstone had to be removed with a grader and removed by blasting. Brown and his sidekicks made a pit almost seven and a half meters deep to get the bones out. Removing one large skeleton took them two summers. They by no means removed the bones from the stone. They transported the boulders by rail to the museum, where the scientists were able to chip the stone material away and set up the skeleton. This tyrant lizard now stands in the exhibition hall of the museum. (p. 72, Dinosaurs / Ruth Wheeler and Harold G. Coffin)

REFERENCES:

1. J.S. Shelton: Geology illustrated

2. Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, p. 78

3. Toivo Seljavaara: Oliko vedenpaisumus ja Nooan arkki mahdollinen?, p. 5

4. Werner Keller: Raamattu on oikeassa, p. 29

5. Arno C. Gaebelein: Kristillisyys vaiko uskonto?, p. 48

6. Francis Hitching: Arvoitukselliset tapahtumat (The World Atlas of Mysteries), p. 165

7. siteeraus: Luominen 17, p. 39

8. J. Ashton: Evolution Impossible, Master Books, Green Forest AZ, 2012, p. 115, lainaa viitettä 1, p. 7

9. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 12-14